Floruit (fl.)<\/strong><\/p> Many entries include the abbreviation fl. as in "Arthur Williams (fl.1456-1485)." Derived from the Latin verb floreo<\/strong>, <\/strong>meaning "to bloom or flower," this term is more commonly undertsood to mean "when a person flourishes" or came to be in prominence.<\/p>","Founded in 1788, New South Wales<\/strong> (NSW) was the first penal colony for England. British explorer, Captain James Cook, first discovered the east coast of Australia while attempting to examine the planet Venus in order to determine the\u00A0distance from the Earth to the Sun\u00A0in 1770, he first named it New Wales, then later New South Wales.","Grattan and the Irish Volunteer army obtained an independent parliament in 1782. Continued Irish unrest and Wolfe Tone's rebellion in 1798 led to the Act of Union in 1800 and Irish representation in British Parliament. Daniel O'Connell's agitation resulted in the granting of Catholic Emancipation in 1829. The Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s decimated the population and caused mass emigration. ","From its founding until the last prison ship set sail in 1868, Van Diemen's Land<\/strong> was the primary penal colony in Australia and over 75,000 convicts were transported there.","The First Fleet<\/strong> departed from Portsmouth, on the south coast of England, on May 13, 1787 and sailed for around 250 days. The fleet was comprised of eleven ships - six prison ships, three equipment ships, and two navy ships, Sirius and Supply. After an extremely long journey, the First Fleet finally arrived at Botany Bay, located in Sydney, New South Wales, between January 18 and 20, 1788.","It is generally thought that Norse Viking, Leif Erikson, was the first European to arrive on the island of Newfoundland, now the easternmost province of Canada.<\/strong> He arrived there in the year 1000 and established L'Anse aux Meadows, the only known Viking settlement in North America outside of Greenland. This site remains a historical site in Canada and it is located on the north coast of the island.","Dutch navigator Willem Jansz<\/strong> aboard the Duyfken was the first European to land in waht is now known as Australia<\/strong> in 1606. He charted much of the Gulf of Carpentaria, located on the northern coast of Australia. In 1616, another Dutch captain, Dirk Hartog, landed on the west coast of Australia near Shark Bay.","England<\/strong> is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It occupies more than half of the land of the area. It shares its borders with Wales to the West and Scotland the to its north. Laced by great rivers and small streams, England is a fertile land which has supported a thriving agricultural economy for millenia.",null],"lnksHoverSummaryImgURL":[null,"\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/books.webp?pos=floatRight","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/castle1.webp","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/county_roscommon.webp?pos=floatRight","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/connacht_province.webp?pos=floatRight","","","","","","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/first_fleet_ship.webp?pos=floatRight","","","",null],"mode":"f","s":"Callan","sU":"CALLAN","oC":"IR","o":"Irish","o2":null,"cOk":true,"c":"\/dpreview\/CALLAN\/IR\/Callan\/family-crest-coat-of-arms.png","c2":"\/dpreview\/ANDERSON\/SC\/Anderson\/family-crest-coat-of-arms.png","v":"1","sections":["","SettlersUS","SettlersCA","SettlersAU","SettlersNZ","SettlersZA","SettlersWI","Settlers","ContemporaryNotable","ContemporaryNotables","HistoricEvents","RelatedStories","Motto","SuggestedReading","Citations",""]}