Show ContentsHall History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Etymology of Hall

What does the name Hall mean?

The first bearers of the distinguished surname Hall came to England in the great wave of migration that followed the Norman Conquest of 1066. The name is occupational in origin, stemming from the primary activity of the bearer. It is derived from the Old French term "halle," which referred to a large manor house, which indicates that the original bearer of the name worked at the manor of the local Lord in some role such as a servant or chamberlain. 1 2 3

Many of the Norman noblemen who came to England with William the Conqueror soon grew dissatisfied with William's rule; as such, members of the Hall family accepted land grants from King Malcolm Canmore of Scotland, and became prominent in that country.

Early Origins of the Hall family

The surname Hall was first found in Lincolnshire, England, where the family was granted lands after the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Hall family is directly descended from Earl Fitzwilliam, who held a family seat at Greatford Hall in Lincolnshire, after the Norman Conquest.

The younger son of this noble house, Arthur FitzWilliam, came to be known as "Hall" so as to distinguish him from his senior brother. Hence, Arthur Hall was the first known bearer of the name, appearing on record about the year 1090. 4

In Scotland, the name in Latin was de Aula and accordingly, the first record here was "Waldeu de Aula who witnessed a charter by Walter de Veteri Ponte a. 1200." 5

Over one hundred years later the English version of the name was in use as "John of the Hall was one of an inquest made at Berwick, 1302 and c. 1311 Thomas dictus del Halle witnessed resignation by Adam de Dowane of his land of Grenryg in the barony of Lesmahagow." 5

During this period, Latin and English for records was in use as about the same time as the last entries, we found "in 1325 mention is made of Thomas dictus de Aula, and Andreas de Aula held land in Aynstrother c. 1330. The first Hall of Fulbar in Renfrewshire was Thomas de Aula, surgeon, who for his faithful service obtained from Robert II a grant of land in the tenement of Staneley, barony of Renffrow, 1370." 5

Early History of the Hall family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Hall research. Another 232 words (17 lines of text) covering the years 1340, 1376, 1400, 1423, 1426, 1454, 1456, 1463, 1470, 1485, 1550, 1574, 1581, 1600, 1610, 1613, 1619, 1620, 1627, 1637, 1646, 1654, 1656, 1657, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1664, 1665, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1672, 1674, 1687, 1688, 1690, 1715, 1716, 1730, 1776 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Hall History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Hall Spelling Variations

Spelling variations of this family name include: Hall, Halle, Haule, Haul, Hal, De Aule and others.

Early Notables of the Hall family

Notable among the family at this time was

  • John Hall, known as "Mad Jack Hall" and "Crazy Jack Hall" (1672-1716), a Scottish Jacobite leader, property owner and a Justice of Peace in Northumberland, a major figure during the First Scottish Upr...
  • In England, Joseph Hall (1574-1656), was an English bishop, satirist and moralist; George Hall (c.1613-1668), an English Bishop of Chester (1662-1668); Thomas Hall (1610-1665), an English clergyman an...

Hall World Ranking

In the United States, the name Hall is the 26th most popular surname with an estimated 497,400 people with that name. 6 However, in Canada, the name Hall is ranked the 70th most popular surname with an estimated 33,028 people with that name. 7 And in Newfoundland, Canada, the name Hall is the 201st popular surname with an estimated 208 people with that name. 8 France ranks Hall as 4,794th with 1,500 - 2,000 people. 9 Australia ranks Hall as 21st with 52,386 people. 10 New Zealand ranks Hall as 67th with 4,911 people. 11 The United Kingdom ranks Hall as 18th with 121,914 people. 12 South Africa ranks Hall as 927th with 7,476 people. 13

Migration of the Hall family to Ireland

Some of the Hall family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 77 words (6 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.


Hall migration to the United States +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Hall Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
  • Miss Susan Hall, who arrived in Virginia in 1618 aboard the ship "William and Thomas" 14
  • Mr. Thomas Hall, who arrived in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Bona Nova" 14
  • Georg Hall, who landed in Virginia in 1621 aboard the ship "Supply" 15
  • Hugh Hall, aged 13, who landed in Virginia in 1622 aboard the ship "Margaret & John" 15
  • Hugh Hall, who landed in Virginia in 1623 15
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Hall Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
  • Anthony Hall, who arrived in Virg,inia in 1701 15
  • Anne Hall, who landed in Virginia in 1702 15
  • Edward Hall, who landed in Virginia in 1705 15
  • Isaac Hall, who landed in New England in 1722 15
  • Egram Hall, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1730
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Hall Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
  • Adam Hall, who landed in America in 1801 15
  • Aric Hall, whose Oath of Allegiance was recorded in Pennsylvania in 1803
  • Aric Hall, who landed in Pennsylvania in 1803 15
  • Alexander Hall, who landed in Connecticut in 1811 15
  • Hobert Hall, who arrived in New York, NY in 1811 15
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Hall Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
  • Frederick Hall, who landed in Mobile, Ala in 1903 15
  • Charley Fredrick Hall, who landed in Wisconsin in 1912 15

Hall migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Hall Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
  • Conrad Hall, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
  • Abner Hall, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1760
  • Barnabas Hall, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1760
  • Christian Henr. Hall, one of the Hessian troops in the American War for Independence who settled in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1781
  • Mr. Richard Hall U.E. who arrived at Port Roseway [Shelburne], Nova Scotia on October 26, 1783 was passenger number 268 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on September 28, 1783 at Staten Island, New York 16
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Hall Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
  • Robert Hall, aged 26, a farmer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the brig "Thomas Hanford" from Cork, Ireland
  • Mary Hall, aged 25, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the brig "Thomas Hanford" from Cork, Ireland
  • Robert Hall, aged 3, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the brig "Thomas Hanford" from Cork, Ireland
  • James Hall, aged 25, a merchant, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "John" from Liverpool, England
  • Mary Hall, aged 25, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1834 aboard the barque "Frederick" from Liverpool, England
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Hall migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Hall Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century
  • Miss Ann Hall, English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years , transported aboard the "Britannia III" on 18th July 1798, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 17
Hall Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
  • Miss Hannah Hall, British Convict who was convicted in Worcester, Worcestershire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
  • Mr. John Hall, British Convict who was convicted in London, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
  • Mr. Joseph Hall, British Convict who was convicted in Lancaster, Lancashire, England for life, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
  • Mr. John Hall, British convict who was convicted in Warwick, Warwickshire, England for life, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 19
  • Mr. George Hall, British Convict who was convicted in Surrey, England for life, transported aboard the "Coromandel" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 20
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Hall migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Hall Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
  • William Hall, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • Henry Hall, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
  • John Hall, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
  • John Hall, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
  • Joseph Hall, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
  • ... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Hall migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 21
Hall Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century
  • Mr. Thomas Hall, (b. 1610), aged 25, British settler traveling aboard the ship "Matthew" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) in 1635 22
  • Mr. John Hall, (b. 1606), aged 29, British settler travelling aboard the ship "Expedition" arriving in Barbados in 1636 23
  • Ann Hall, who settled in Barbados in 1660

Contemporary Notables of the name Hall (post 1700) +

  • Lyman Hall (1724-1790), American physician, clergyman, and statesman, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, Governor of Georgia (1783-1784)
  • Todrick Hall (b. 1985), American singer, rapper, choreographer, and YouTuber
  • Richard Wallace "Dick" Hall (1930-2023), American Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher who played from 1952 through 1957 and from 1959 through 1971
  • Adrian Hall (1927-2023), American theater director, founding Artistic Director of the Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island from 1963 to 1986, and the Artistic Director of Dallas Theater Center in Dallas, Texas from 1983 to 1989
  • Harriet A. Hall (1945-2023), American family physician, U.S. Air Force flight surgeon, author, science communicator and skeptic who often used the pseudonym "The SkepDoc"
  • Gwendolyn Midlo Hall (1929-2022), American historian from New Orleans, Louisiana who focused on the history of slavery in the Caribbean, Latin America, Louisiana, Africa, and the African Diaspora in the Americas
  • Arsenio Hall (b. 1956), American actor, comedian, and talk show host, known for Martial Law, Coming to America (1988), Coming 2 America (2021), and Harlem Nights (1989)
  • John Lesslie Hall (1856-1928), American literary scholar and poet known for his translation of Beowulf
  • Scott Oliver Hall (1958-2022), American professional wrestler and actor, inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a singles competitor in 2014
  • Alexander "Alex" Hall (b. 1998), American freestyle skier who competes internationally as a member of the US Freeskiing Slopestyle team, gold medalist at the 2022 Winter Olympics
  • ... (Another 71 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Bradford City stadium fire
  • Norman Hall (1915-1985), from Bradford who attended the Bradford City and Lincoln City Third Division match on 11th May 1985 when the Bradford City stadium fire occurred and he died in the fire
Empress of Ireland
  • Mr. Henry Hall (d. 1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24
Grover Shoe factory
  • Mr. Harry S. Hall, American employee of the Grover Shoe factory in Brockton, Massachusetts on 20th March 1905 when the boiler exploded and collapsed the wooden building; he died 25
Halifax Explosion
  • Mrs. Mary  Hall (1870-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 26
HMS Hood
  • Mr. George W Hall (b. 1918), Australian Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Australian Navy Volunteer Reserve from Lower Mitcham, South Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
  • Mr. David G Hall (b. 1917), Australian Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Australian Navy Volunteer Reserve from Henley Beach, South Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
  • Mr. Neville T Hall (b. 1916), English Signalman serving for the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve from Brentford, Middlesex, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
  • Mr. Thomas Hall (b. 1920), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Bolton, Lancashire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
  • Mr. Norman V Hall (b. 1918), English Stoker 1st Class serving for the Royal Navy from Wednesbury, Staffordshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
  • ... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
HMS Prince of Wales
  • Mr. Gordon Ernest John Hall, British Engine Room Artificer 4th Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 28
  • Mr. Edward Hall, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28
  • Mr. Douglas Henry Stuart Hall, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28
HMS Repulse
  • Mr. Harry Hall, British Stoker 1st Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 29
  • Mr. Bernard Hall, British Ordinary Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 29
  • Mr. Albert Hall, British Boy 1st Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 29
  • Mr. Stanley Hall, British Boy, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 29
  • Mr. Thomas Stanley Hall, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 29
  • ... (Another 5 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
HMS Royal Oak
  • Ronald Hall, British Electrical Artificer 4th Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 30
  • John Hall, British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 30
  • Clarence J. Hall, British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 30
  • William Roy Hall (1922-1939), British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 30
  • Kenneth Edwin Hall (1920-1939), British Marine with the Royal Marine aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 30
  • ... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)
Mount Mulligan Mine
  • Albert Hall, Australian coal miner who was killed in the Mount Mulligan Mine explosion in 1921
Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)
  • Nicola Jane Hall (1965-1988), South African Passenger from Sandton, South Africa, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died 31
Prince of Wales colliery
  • Mr. John Hall (b. 1843), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 32
RMS Lusitania
  • Mr. Edwin Hall, English Assistant Engineers' Mess Steward from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 33
RMS Titanic
  • Mr. F.A.J. Hall (d. 1912), aged 38, English Scullion from London, England who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 34
  • Mr. Joseph Hall (d. 1912), aged 32, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 34
Senghenydd colliery
  • Mr. Charles Hall (b. 1877), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 35
  • Mr. Henry Hall (b. 1878), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 35
SS Southern Cross
  • Mr. George Hall (1892-1914), Newfoundlander from Colliers who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
USS Arizona
  • Mr. John Rudolph Hall, American Chief Boatswain's Mate Permanent from Arkansas, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 36
USS Indianapolis
  • Pressie Hall, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 37
Victoria steamboat disaster
Vimy Ridge
  • Arthur Walton Hall (1887-1917), Canadian blacksmith, Private in the 44th Battalion from Manitoba who died at Vimy Ridge June 1917


Suggested Readings for the name Hall +

  • An Alabama Newspaper Tradition: Grover C. Hall and the Hall Family by Daniel Webster Hollis.
  • A Givens-Hall Family History from Pre-Revolutionary Times to 1970; Including Many Related Families Such as Alexander, Bowman, Black, Chapman, French, Green, Johnston, Phlegar, Ross, Snidow, Stafford, Welker and Others by Dorothy Hall Givens.

  1. Smith, Eldson Coles, New Dictionary of American Family Names New York: Harper & Row, 1956. Print
  2. Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
  3. Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
  4. The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)
  5. Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
  6. "What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
  7. "Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
  8. The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
  9. http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/nom-de-famille/nom/
  10. "Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
  11. "Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
  12. "UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
  13. "Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
  14. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  15. Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
  16. Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
  17. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 30th October 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/Britannia
  18. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 13th August 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-cornwallis
  19. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 25th November 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/calcutta
  20. Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
  22. Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's (Retrieved October 4th 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  23. Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 29th September 2021. Retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
  24. Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 16) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
  25. California Digital Newspaper from 21st March 1905 (retrieved on 5th August 2021.) Retrieved from https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19050321.2.19&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1
  26. Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
  27. H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
  28. HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
  29. HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
  30. Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
  31. Pan Am Flight 103's victims: A list of those killed 25 years ago | syracuse.com. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/12/pan_am_flight_103s_victims_a_list_of_those_killed_25_years_ago.html
  32. Entombed in flood and flame (retrieved 3rd August 2021). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120603025705/http://www.crosskeys.me.uk/history/prince.htm
  33. Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 10) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
  34. Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
  35. Universal Colliery Senghenydd 1913 disaster retrieved 21st September 2019, retrieved from http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/SenghenyddDead1913.htm
  36. Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html
  37. Final Crew List, retrieved 2021, October 30th Retrieved from https://www.ussindianapolis.com/final-crew


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