The "county or shire of Monmouth" was formed from parts of the Welsh Marches in 1535. At this time, Monmouth was designated as the "Head and Shire town of the said county of Shire of Monmouth." The eastern part of the county is mainly agricultural, with rich mineral resources in western valleys. Coal mining and iron working were significant employers from the 18th to 20th Century. Between the 5th and 10th centuries, the Welsh Kingdom of Gwent covered a variable area roughly contiguous with Monmouthshire.<\/span><\/span>","SHERIFF<\/strong> derived from the Old English word scir-gerefa, was the royal officer in charge of a shire and responsible for judicial and financial functions that included overseeing the royal estates and custody of royal castles.","Normans<\/strong> were established in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. The Normans, or Northmen, were actually descendants of the Vikings. Vikings, under Chief Stirgud the Stout, invaded the Orkneys and Northern Scotland in the 9th century. ","England<\/strong> is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It occupies more than half of the land of the area. It shares its borders with Wales to the West and Scotland the to its north. Laced by great rivers and small streams, England is a fertile land which has supported a thriving agricultural economy for millenia.","In the South East of England, Surrey <\/strong>borders with Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire as well as Greater London. Surrey <\/strong>has the highest land area of woodland of all the counties in England, four horse race courses and multiply golf courses. The area of Surrey <\/strong>changed through history with Southwark (Roman Settlement) moving into Greater London, as well as Newington. Many castles and Estates were built, through the 14th Century these were built more for prestige than military importance.","Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness.","Most Welsh surnames<\/strong> are patronymic; that is, they are derived from a personal name of an ancestor. In the Middle Ages, the prefixes ap, ab (son of) and ferch (daughter of) were commonly found in Welsh surnames.","The First Fleet<\/strong> departed from Portsmouth, on the south coast of England, on May 13, 1787 and sailed for around 250 days. The fleet was comprised of eleven ships - six prison ships, three equipment ships, and two navy ships, Sirius and Supply. After an extremely long journey, the First Fleet finally arrived at Botany Bay, located in Sydney, New South Wales, between January 18 and 20, 1788.","Dutch navigator Willem Jansz<\/strong> aboard the Duyfken was the first European to land in waht is now known as Australia<\/strong> in 1606. He charted much of the Gulf of Carpentaria, located on the northern coast of Australia. In 1616, another Dutch captain, Dirk Hartog, landed on the west coast of Australia near Shark Bay.",null],"lnksHoverSummaryImgURL":[null,"\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/books.webp?pos=floatRight","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/Huntingdonshire England.webp?pos=floatRight","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/wales_monmouthshire.webp?pos=floatRight","","","","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/surrey_england.webp?pos=floatRight","","","\/cdn\/webp\/i\/kb\/200w\/first_fleet_ship.webp?pos=floatRight","",null],"mode":"f","s":"Kemmis","sU":"KEMYS","oC":"EN","o":"English","o2":null,"cOk":true,"c":"\/dpreview\/KEMYS\/EN\/Kemmis\/family-crest-coat-of-arms.png","c2":"\/dpreview\/ANDERSON\/SC\/Anderson\/family-crest-coat-of-arms.png","v":"1","sections":["","SettlersUS","SettlersCA","SettlersAU","SettlersNZ","SettlersZA","SettlersWI","Settlers","ContemporaryNotable","ContemporaryNotables","HistoricEvents","RelatedStories","Motto","SuggestedReading","Citations",""]}
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