White History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Origins Available:
England-Alt
England
Ireland
Scotland

Etymology of White

What does the name White mean?

The bearers of White and its variants are generally thought to have come from the noble family of Le Blancs in Normandy, who traveled to England in the wake of the Norman Conquest. Although the name certainly came to Britain from Normandy, there is some speculation that it already existed in Britain prior to the conquest. The word "white" itself is derived from the Old English word "hwit." This name was most likely originally used as a nickname for a person with white hair or a pale complexion.

Early Origins of the White family

The surname White was first found in Durham, but we must look to South Warnborough in Southampton for one of the most interesting stories about the family. "The church is very ancient, with a fine Norman arch at the entrance; in the chancel is a curious monument to Sir Thomas White and his family. Tradition says that Queen Elizabeth, when residing at Odiham, rode over to the manor-house here, and after partaking of breakfast with the above-mentioned Thomas White, knighted him in his own saloon." 1

Early History of the White family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our White research. Another 191 words (14 lines of text) covering the years 1086, 1106, 1172, 1236, 1327, 1560, 1579, 1585, 1593, 1620, 1628, 1630, 1656, 1657, 1676, 1685, 1686, 1690, 1698, 1704 and 1890 are included under the topic Early White History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

White Spelling Variations

Spelling variations of this family name include: White, Whyte, Wight and others.

Early Notables of the White family

Outstanding amongst the family at this time was

John White (c.1585), an English painter and cartographer who was sent to Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) as artist, mapmaker, and later as governor
Andrew White (1579-1656), a Jesuit theology professor who went to Maryland as the head of a band of missionaries
Thomas White (1593-1676), an English Roman Catholic priest and scholar, known as a theologian, censured by the Inquisition
Thomas White (1628-1698), English Bishop of Peterborough from 1685 to 1690
Dorothy White (c. 1630-1686), an English Quaker and writer of religious pamphlets from Weymouth, Dorset
Peregrine White (1620 aboard the Mayflower-1704), the first English child born to the Pilgrims in the New World

White World Ranking

In the United States, the name White is the 14^th most popular surname with an estimated 693,873 people with that name. 2 However, in Canada, the name White is ranked the 21^st most popular surname with an estimated 56,772 people with that name. 3 And in Quebec, Canada, the name White is the 579^th popular surname. 4 Newfoundland, Canada ranks White as 1^st with 1,835 people. 5 Australia ranks White as 9^th with 64,439 people. 6 New Zealand ranks White as 15^th with 6,311 people. 7 The United Kingdom ranks White as 15^th with 131,849 people. 8 South Africa ranks White as 549^th with 12,753 people. 9

Migration of the White family to Ireland

Some of the White family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 114 words (8 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

White migration to the United States +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

White Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

Mr. William White, who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia aboard the ship "Discovery" in 1607 10
Mr. Edward White, who arrived in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Bona Nova" 10
Mr. William White, (c. 1586- 1621), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower" 10
Mrs. Susanna White, (nee Jackson), (b. 1592), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower", died between 1654 - 1674 10
Mr. Resolved White, (1615-1690), who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 aboard the ship "Mayflower" 10
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White Settlers in United States in the 18th Century

George White, who landed in North Carolina in 1701 11
Abigail White, who landed in North Carolina in 1701 11
Adam White, who arrived in Virginia in 1703 11
Dennis White, who arrived in Virginia in 1714 11
Claude White, who landed in Massachusetts in 1755-1768 11
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White Settlers in United States in the 19th Century

Alice White, aged 50, who landed in New York, NY in 1804 11
Catherine White, aged 22, who arrived in New York, NY in 1804 11
Eleanor White, aged 18, who arrived in New York, NY in 1804 11
Donald White, who arrived in North Carolina in 1811 11
Archibald White, aged 36, who landed in Maine in 1812 11
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White Settlers in United States in the 20th Century

Miss Jane White, aged 18, British settler who arrived in New York aboard the ship "Cynosure" in 1863

White migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

White Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century

Peter White, who settled in Witless Bay, Newfoundland in 1676 12

White Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century

Arthur White, who arrived in Ferryland, Newfoundland in 1706 12
Ann White, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
Elizabeth White, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
Mary White, who settled in Nova Scotia in 1774
Mr. Amos White U.E. who settled in Bell Vue, Beaver Harbor, Charlotte County, New Brunswick c. 1783 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century

Margaret White, who settled in Quebec in 1829
Elijah D White, who landed in Canada in 1831
Michael White, aged 26, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Hibernia" from Kinsale, Ireland
Catherine White, aged 24, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Hibernia" from Kinsale, Ireland
Ellen White, aged 26, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Britannia" from Sligo, Ireland
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

White Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century

Mr. John White, English convict who was convicted in London, England for life, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 14

White Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century

Mr. Edward White, Irish convict who was convicted in Kilkenny, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 15
Mr. James White, Irish convict who was convicted in Dublin, Ireland for life, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 15
Mr. John White, Irish convict who was convicted in Kilkenny, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 15
Miss Catherine White, (Perkins, McMahon), (b. 1780), aged 23, British Convict who was convicted in Hampshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Experiment" on 4th December 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, she died in 1860 16
Mr. Richard White, English convict who was convicted in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England for life, transported aboard the "Duke of Portland" in January 1807, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 17
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

White Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century

John White, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1834 aboard the ship Murray
W White, who landed in Hokianga, New Zealand in 1834
Henry White, who landed in Hokianga, New Zealand in 1839
Francis White, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
George White, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Aurora
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 18

White Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century

Mr. William White, (b. 1604), aged 30, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 11
Mr. Michell White, (b. 1616), aged 18, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 11
Mr. John White, (b. 1607), aged 27, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 11
Mr. George White, (b. 1607), aged 27, British settler travelling from London, UK arriving in St Christopher (St. Kitts) on 5th January 1634 11
Mr. George White, (b. 1617), aged 18, British settler travelling from London, England aboard the ship "Alexander" arriving in Barbados in 1635 19
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

White Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century

Ellinor White, who landed in Barbados in 1738 11

Contemporary Notables of the name White (post 1700) +

Betty Marion White Ludden (1922-2021), American five time Primetime Emmy Award, two Daytime Emmy Award winning actress and comedian, her career spanned seven decades, the first woman to produce a sitcom (Life with Elizabeth), which contributed to her being named honorary Mayor of Hollywood in 1955, best known for her roles as Sue Ann Nivens on the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973–1977), Rose Nylund on the NBC sitcom The Golden Girls (1985–1992), and Elka Ostrovsky on the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland (2010–2015), inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1995
Byron Raymond "Whizzer" White (1917-2002), American Rhodes Scholar, associate justice of the Supreme Court, and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom 20
Elwyn Brooks "E.B." White (1899-1985), American essayist/children's novelist awarded a special citation in 1978 by the Pulitzer Prize board and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
Harrison Colyar White (1930-2024), American sociologist, Giddings Professor of Sociology at Columbia University
Reanauld White (1944-2024), American model and actor, the first Black American model to appear on the cover of GQ, the face of Arrow shirts and Black Tie cologne, pitchman for Miller Lite and Delta Air Lines
Jasper White (1954-2024), American chef, restaurateur and cookbook author, known for his New England seafood
Peter White (1937-2023), American actor, known for Dave (1993), Thirteen Days (2000) and Armageddon (1998)
Vanna Marie White (b. 1957), née Rosich, an American television personality and game-show hostess, best known as the co-host of the game show Wheel of Fortune since 1982
Dean V. White (1923-2016), American billionaire entrepreneur, born in Norfolk, Nebraska
Bruce W. White (1952-2023), American businessman and founder of the hotel management company White Lodging, son of billionaire businessman Dean White
... (Another 93 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Historic Events for the White family +

Arrow Air Flight 1285

Mr. Emery S White (1957-1985), American Staff Sergeant from Clarksville, Tennessee, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 21

Empress of Ireland

Mr. John Bell White, British 7th Engineer from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 22
Mr. Henry White, British Trimmer from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 22
Mrs. Mary Ann White (1861-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Guelph, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 22
Miss Jessie White (1901-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Guelph, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 22
Miss Alma May White (1893-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from London, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 22
... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Flight 191

E White (d. 1979), American passenger from USA, who flew aboard American Airlines Flight 191 and died in the crash 23

Fraterville mine

Mr. John M. White (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 24

Halifax Explosion

Mr. James White (1854-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries 25
Mr. Joseph White (1854-1917), Canadian resident from Richmond, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries 25
Miss Gladys Frances White (1912-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 25
Miss Marcella White (1912-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 25
Mrs. Susie White (1885-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 25
... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

HMAS Sydney II

Mr. Robert George White (1919-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 26
Mr. Hans James Leo White (1921-1941), Australian Signalman from Croxton, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 26

HMS Hood

Mr. Harry White (b. 1922), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
Mr. Edward H White (b. 1910), English Petty Officer Telegraphist serving for the Royal Navy from Newport, Isle of Wight, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27
Mr. Arthur White (b. 1918), English Wireman serving for the Royal Navy from Hockley, Essex, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 27

HMS Prince of Wales

Mr. William W White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28
Mr. William E White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28
Mr. W T White, British Gunner, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28
Mr. Alec F White, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 28

HMS Royal Oak

Phillip A. White, British Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 29
George R. White, British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 29
Frank White, British Marine with the Royal Marine aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 29
William Raymond White (1920-1939), British Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 29
Joseph White (1909-1939), British Leading Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 29
... (Another 4 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

North Sea Flood

Leonard Arthur White, British worker aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" killed in the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953
Robert White, British traveler aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" killed in the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953

Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)

Jonathan White (1955-1988), American Accountant from North Hollywood, California, America, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died 30

RMS Titanic

Mr Edward Joseph White (d. 1912), aged 27, English Glory Hole Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett 31
Mr. L. White (d. 1912), aged 32, English First Class Saloon Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 31
Mr. Alfred White (d. 1912), aged 32, English Trimmer from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 31
Mr. Frank Leonard White (d. 1912), aged 28, English Leading Fireman from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 31
Mr. William George White, aged 23, English Greaser from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping on life boat 4 31
... (Another 3 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Senghenydd colliery

Mr. John White (b. 1880), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 32
Mr. William Henry White (b. 1889), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 32

SS Atlantic

Geo White, who was traveling aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, died in the sinking

SS Caribou

Mr. Raymond George White (b. 1914), Newfoundland passenger who was Royal Navy from Cottle's Island, Newfoundland and Labrador was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he died in the sinking
Mr. Joseph White, Newfoundland passenger who was Royal Navy from Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he survived the sinking
Mr. A. J. White, British passenger who was Royal Air Force was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he survived the sinking

SS Newfoundland

Mr. Luke White, Newfoundlander from Somerville, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived
Mr. William J. White (b. 1870), Newfoundlander from New Perlican, who on the 30th March 1914 he was part of the Seal Crew of the "SS Newfoundland" leaving the ship to intercept the Stephano which took him to the hunting grounds, he disembarked to begin sealing, but was caught in a thickening storm, attempting to return to the Newfoundland he and the 132 crew made camp for two days the sealers were stranded on the ice in a blizzard attempting to return to the ship, he survived

SS Southern Cross

Mr. William White (1888-1914), Newfoundlander from St. Mary's who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found

USS Arizona

Mr. Thomas A. White, American Boatswain's Mate Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking 33
Mr. Volmer Dowin White, American Seaman First Class from Mississippi, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33
Mr. Charles William White, American Musician Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33
Mr. James Clifton White, American Fireman First Class from Texas, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33
Mr. Vernon Russell White, American Seaman First Class from South Carolina, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 33

USS Indianapolis

Earl Clarence White, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 34
Howard McKean White, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 34

Vimy Ridge

Reginald John White (1890-1917), Canadian farmer, Private in the 44th Battalion from Manitoba who died at Vimy Ridge June 1917

The White Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Loyal unto death

Citations +

Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research, 1848, Print.
"What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
"Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
"The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
"Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
"Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
"UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
"Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
Seary E.R., Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland, Montreal: McGill's-Queen's Universtity Press 1998 ISBN 0-7735-1782-0
Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 14th July 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/atlas
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 22nd March 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/coromandel-and-experiment
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 28th July 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/duke-of-portland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 28th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Byron White. (Retrieved 2010, September 27) Byron White. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_White
American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
Flight 191's Victims - latimes. (Retrieved 2014, April 16) . Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-04/news/mn-4349_1_fort-lauderdale-area
News paper article Fraterville Mine Disaster retrieved on 6th August 2021. (Retrieved from http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/fraterville.htm).
Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
Pan Am Flight 103's victims: A list of those killed 25 years ago | syracuse.com. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/12/pan_am_flight_103s_victims_a_list_of_those_killed_25_years_ago.html
Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
Universal Colliery Senghenydd 1913 disaster retrieved 21st September 2019, retrieved from http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/SenghenyddDead1913.htm
Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html
Final Crew List, retrieved 2021, October 30th Retrieved from https://www.ussindianapolis.com/final-crew