Phillips History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Origins Available:
Ireland
Wales

Etymology of Phillips

What does the name Phillips mean?

The ancestors of the bearers of the name Phillips were the ancient Britons that inhabited in the hills and Moors of Wales. This surname was derived from the personal name Philip. This name, which was usually Latinized as Philippus, was originally derived from the Greek name Philippos. This Greek name was composed of the words "philein," which means "to love," and "hippos," which means "horse." The personal name Philip owed its popularity to the medieval romances about Alexander the Great, whose father was Philip of Macedon.

Philip of Poiters (died 1208?) was Bishop of Durham and a favourite clerk of Richard I. He accompanied the latter on his crusade of 1189, and was present at his marriage with Berengaria of Navarre at Cyprus in 1191. 1

Early Origins of the Phillips family

The surname Phillips was first found in Kent, where legend has it that the family (but not the surname) is descended from Maximus, the Briton, Roman Emperor from 383 until his death in 388, and the King of Britain, when he married the daughter of Octavius, King of the Britons. Later the family was forced back into Wales by the invading Saxons, where they traditionally claim descent from Tudwal (c.AD 528-564) "of the wounded knee," a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, first King of Wales.

Early History of the Phillips family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Phillips research. Another 160 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1275, 1279, 1500, 1533, 1543, 1560, 1566, 1568, 1570, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1594, 1599, 1604, 1613, 1614, 1620, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1638, 1640, 1644, 1653, 1662, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1680, 1696, 1699, 1701, 1706, 1709, 1720, 1721, 1724, 1749 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Phillips History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Phillips Spelling Variations

There are relatively few surnames native to Wales, but they have an inordinately large number of spelling variations. Early variations of Welsh surnames can be explained by the fact that very few people in the early Middle Ages were literate. Priests and the few other literate people were responsible for recording names in official documents. And because most people could not specific how to properly record their names it was up to the individual recorder of that time to determine how a spoken name should be recorded. Variations due to the imprecise or improper recording of a name continued later in history when names originally composed in the Brythonic Celtic, language of Wales, known by natives as Cymraeg, were transliterated into English. Welsh names that were documented in English often changed dramatically since the native language of Wales, which was highly inflected, did not copy well. Occasionally, however, spelling variations were carried out according to an individual's specific design: a branch loyalty within the family, a religious adherence, or even patriotic affiliations could be indicated by minor variations. The spelling variations of the name Phillips have included Phillips, Philips, Phillip, Philip, Pilip, Pillips, Fillip, Filip, Filips, Phillipes, Philipes, Phillup, Philups, Fillups, Filups, Pilups, Pillups, Fulop and many more.

Early Notables of the Phillips family

Prominent amongst the family during the late Middle Ages was

James Philipps (1594-1674), was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1653 and 1662; Edward Phillips (1630- c.1696) and his brother John Phillips (1631-1706) both wrote important...
Sir Edward Phelips (1638-1699), was an English landowner and politician; and Richard Phillips (ca.1640-1720), was an English politician
On the infamous side, John Phillips (died 1724), an English pirate captain who started his pirating career in 1721, but was killed in his sleep by his own prisoners three years later

Phillips World Ranking

In the United States, the name Phillips is the 45^th most popular surname with an estimated 370,563 people with that name. 2 However, in Canada, the name Phillips is ranked the 102^nd most popular surname with an estimated 27,536 people with that name. 3 And in Newfoundland, Canada, the name Phillips is the 335^th popular surname with an estimated 137 people with that name. 4 Australia ranks Phillips as 55^th with 36,983 people. 5 New Zealand ranks Phillips as 33^rd with 5,630 people. 6 The United Kingdom ranks Phillips as 45^th with 86,032 people. 7 South Africa ranks Phillips as 396^th with 17,965 people. 8

Migration of the Phillips family to Ireland

Some of the Phillips family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 109 words (8 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Phillips migration to the United States +

North America in the 1800s and 1900s saw the arrival of many Welsh people hoping to share in the wealth of land, work, and freedom that they felt North America held. Those who made the journey often attained those expectations, but only through an enormous amount of hard work, perseverance, and often a bout of good luck. These immigrants helped contribute to the growth of industry, commerce, and culture of both Canada and the United States. Discovered in the immigration and passenger lists were a number of people bearing the name Phillips:

Phillips Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

Mr. Thomas Phillips, who arrived in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Bona Nova" 9
Mrs. Elizabeth Phillips, aged 23, who arrived in Virginia in 1619 aboard the ship "Seaflower" 9
Elinor and Henry Phillips who settled in Virginia in 1623
Rev. George Phillips who arrived in Salem, Massachusetts in 1630 aboard the ship "Ambrose" as part of the Winthrop Fleet
Miss Phillips, daughter of Rev. Phillips who arrived in Salem, Massachusetts in 1630 aboard the ship "Ambrose" as part of the Winthrop Fleet 10
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips Settlers in United States in the 18th Century

Anne Phillips, who landed in Virginia in 1704 11
Ellinor Phillips, who arrived in Virginia in 1706 11
Daniel Phillips, who arrived in Virginia in 1713 11
Elizabeth Phillips, who landed in Carolina in 1724 11
Edmund Phillips, who arrived in Virginia in 1741 11

Phillips Settlers in United States in the 19th Century

Bernard Phillips, who arrived in Long Island in 1815 11
Grace Phillips, who landed in New York, NY in 1817 11
Alexander Lewis Phillips, who landed in New York in 1822 11
Mr. Thomas Phillips, (b. 1792), aged 40, British miner departing from Plymouth aboard the ship "Andromeda" arriving in the United States on 10th May 1832 12
Miss Elizabeth Phillips, (b. 1823), aged 9, British settler departing from Plymouth aboard the ship "Andromeda" arriving in the United States on 10th May 1832 12
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips Settlers in United States in the 20th Century

Mr. Frank Phillips, (b. 1872), aged 28, Cornish miner travelling aboard the ship "New York" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 4th March 1900 en route to Vulcan, Michigan, USA 13
Mr. Henry Phillips, (b. 1866), aged 35, Cornish miner, from Redruth, Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "Umbria" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 6th October 1901 en route to Red Jacket, Michigan, USA 13
Mr. John Henry Phillips, (b. 1875), aged 28, Cornish clerk travelling aboard the ship "Philadelphia" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 19th September 1903 en route to New York, USA 13
Mr. Thomas Wills Phillips, (b. 1881), aged 22, Cornish clerk travelling aboard the ship "Philadelphia" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 19th September 1903 en route to New York, USA 13
Mr. Thomas Wills Phillips, (b. 1880), aged 23, Cornish clerk travelling aboard the ship "Philadelphia" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 10th October 1903 en route to Baltimore, Maryland, USA 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Phillips Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century

Evan Phillips, who settled in Newfoundland between 1663-1679 14

Phillips Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century

Diana Phillips, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1750
Eleonor Phillips, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1750
Private. John Phillips U.E., (Philips) (b. 1757) born in Rhode Island, New York, USA from Kingsbury, Charlotte County, New York who arrived at Saint John, New Brunswick c. 1777, then he resettled in Chambly, Quebec in 1784 he enlisted in 1777 serving in Major Roger's command of the King's Rangers, married to Ann Burden in 1757 having 11 children, he died in Chambley, Quebec 15
Mrs. Martha Phillips U.E. who arrived at Port Roseway, [Shelbourne], Nova Scotia on December 13, 1783 was passenger number 513 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on November 14, 1783 at East River, New York, USA 15
Mr. Matthew Phillips U.E. who settled in Canada c. 1784 15
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century

William Phillips, aged 21, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Leslie Gault" in 1833
John Phillips, aged 21, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Eleanor Gordon" in 1834
David Phillips, aged 35, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Condor" in 1838
Sally Phillips, aged 21, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Condor" in 1838
Robert Phillips, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Prudence" in 1838
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century

Charles Phillips, who landed in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1907

Phillips migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Phillips Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century

Miss Mary Phillips, (b. 1761), aged 26, English convict who was convicted in Somersetshire, Taunton Assizes for 7 years for house breaking, transported aboard the "Charlotte" on 13th May 1787, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, she died in 1850 16
Mr. Richard Phillips, English convict who was convicted in Worcester, Worcestershire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 17

Phillips Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century

Miss Elizabeth Phillips, British Convict who was convicted in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
Mr. George Phillips, British Convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
Mr. William Phillips, British Convict who was convicted in Kent, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
Miss. Bridget Phillips, Irish convict who was convicted in Dublin, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, she died in 1811 when she was executed 19
Miss Isabella Phillips, (Elizabeth), English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Broxbournebury" in January 1814, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 20
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Phillips Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century

Mr. Phillips, Australian settler travelling from Sydney aboard the ship "Bee" arriving in New Zealand in 1838 21
Mr. John Phillips, (b. 1805), aged 36, British labourer travelling from Gravesend aboard the ship "Lord William Bentinck" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand on 24th May 1841 21
Mrs. Catherine Phillips, (b. 1803), aged 38, British settler travelling from Gravesend aboard the ship "Lord William Bentinck" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand on 24th May 1841 21
Miss Fanny Phillips, (b. 1831), aged 10, British settler travelling from Gravesend aboard the ship "Lord William Bentinck" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand on 24th May 1841 21
Miss Emma Phillips, (b. 1833), aged 8, British settler travelling from Gravesend aboard the ship "Lord William Bentinck" arriving in Wellington, New Zealand on 24th May 1841 21
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Phillips migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 22

Phillips Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century

Mr. Thomas Phillips, (b. 1600), aged 35, British settler traveling aboard the ship "William and John" arriving in St Christopher (Saint Kitts) in 1635 23
Mr. John Phillips, aged 37, who arrived in Barbados in 1634 aboard the ship "Hopewell" 9
Mr. William Phillips, (b. 1607), aged 28, British settler travelling from Gravesend, England aboard the ship "Falcon" arriving in Barbados in 1636 24
William Phillips, who settled in Barbados in 1670

Contemporary Notables of the name Phillips (post 1700) +

Barre Phillips (1934-2024), American jazz bassist, founder of the European Improvisation Center in 2014
Idris Phillips (1958-2022), American musician, composer, songwriter, and music producer based in Nashville
Muriel Rose Phillips (1921-2022), American military veteran, writer, and public speaker who was widely recognised for her service as a United States Army nurse during World War II, awarded the Legion of Honour, France's highest honor
Don Phillips (1940-2021), American casting director and film producer, known for Dazed and Confused (1993), Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982) and Melvin and Howard (1980)
Lanier W. Phillips (1923-2012), American survivor of the wreck of the USS Truxtun off the coast of Newfoundland, the first US Navy black sonar technician, awarded an honorary degree from Memorial University of Newfoundland in 2008 and the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador
Ramona Gail Phillips (1944-2021), née McIver, an American politician, 17th Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1995-1999)
Loyd Phillips (1945-2020), American professional football player, inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame
Roger Jay Phillips (1940-2020), American geophysicist, planetary scientist, and professor emeritus at the Washington University in St. Louis
Jim W. Phillips Sr. (1931-2018), American politician, member of the North Carolina Senate from 1997 to 2001
Elizabeth D. "Betty" Phillips (1945-2017), née Capald, an American academic, provost and executive vice president of Arizona State University (2006-2013)
... (Another 386 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Historic Events for the Phillips family +

Arrow Air Flight 1285

Mr. James Douglas Phillips (1962-1985), American Sergeant from Fort Campbell, Kentucky, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25
Mr. Alvin Phillips (1963-1985), American Private from Oakaloosa, Iowa, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25
Ms. Ruthie Phillips (1959-1985), American Flight attendant from New York, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25

Empress of Ireland

Master Hubert Phillips (1903-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 26
Miss Ethel Phillips (1901-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 26
Mrs. Rachel Phillips (1860-1914), née Pass Canadian Third Class Passenger from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 26

HMAS Sydney II

Mr. Frederick Ernest Phillips (1921-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Kyogle, New South Wales, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 27

HMS Cornwall

Rex Phillips (d. 1942), British Ordinary Seaman aboard the HMS Cornwall when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he died in the sinking 28

HMS Hood

Mr. Ronald G Phillips (b. 1919), Scottish Paymaster Lieutenant (S) serving for the Royal Navy from Delhi, India, Moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 29
Mr. Raymond T Phillips (b. 1920), English Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 29
Mr. Norman Phillips (b. 1917), English Stoker 2nd Class serving for the Royal Navy from Fleetwood, Lancashire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 29
Mr. Lancelot J Phillips (b. 1912), English Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Newport, Isle of Wight, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 29
Mr. Horace E Phillips (b. 1909), English Leading Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Birmingham, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 29
... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

HMS Prince of Wales

Sir Tom Spencer Vaughan Phillips (b. 1888), KCB, English Admiral from England, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 30
Mr. D Phillips, British Cook, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 30
Mr. Phillips, British Petty Officer, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 30
Mr. Phillips, British Boy, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 30
Mr. Phillips, British Chief Petty Officer, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 30

HMS Repulse

Mr. Leonard Phillips, British Leading Cook, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 31

HMS Royal Oak

Walter G. Phillips, British Regulating Petty Officer with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 32

Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)

Frederick Sandford Phillips (1961-1988), American Student from Little Rock, Arkansas, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died 33

Prince of Wales colliery

Mr. Thomas Phillips (b. 1844), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 34
Mr. William Phillips (b. 1862), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 34
Mr. Thomas Phillips (b. 1858), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 34
Mr. Thomas Phillips (b. 1857), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 34
Mr. Thomas Phillips (b. 1831), Welsh coal miner who was working at the Prince of Wales Colliery in Abercarn, Wales on the 11th September 1878 when there was a coal mine explosion; he died 34
... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

RMS Lusitania

Mr. Wallace Banta Phillips, American 1st Class Passenger from Brooklyn, New York, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking by escaping in life boat 15 35
Miss Mary Phillips, English Stewardess from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 35
Mr. William Phillips, Canadian 3rd Class passenger from Hillcrest, Canada, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 36

RMS Titanic

Mr. Walter John Phillips (d. 1912), aged 35, English Storekeeper from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 37
Mr. John George "Jack" Phillips, aged 25, English Telegraphist from Godalming, Surrey who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking by escaping in collapsible B but later died in the night 37
Mr. A. George Phillips (d. 1912), aged 27, English Trimmer from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 37
Mr. Escott Robert Phillips (d. 1912), aged 42, English Second Class passenger from Ilfracombe, Devon who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 37
Miss Alice Frances Louisa Phillips, aged 21, English Second Class passenger from Ilfracombe, Devon who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping on life boat 12 37
... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Senghenydd colliery

Mr. Thomas Phillips (b. 1885), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 38
Mr. William John Phillips (b. 1893), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 38

USS Indianapolis

Aulton Newell Phillips, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 39
Huie Harold Phillips (1921-1983), American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he survived the sinking 39

Vimy Ridge

Alexander Phillips (1894-1917), Canadian farmer, Private in the 44th Battalion from Manitoba who died at Vimy Ridge April 1917

The Phillips Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Ducit amor patriae
Motto Translation: Patriotism leads me.

Citations +

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The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
"Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
"Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
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"Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's. Retrieved January 6th 2023 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 2018, April 30). Emigrants to New York 1820 - 1891 [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_new_york_1820_1891.pdf
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Rubincam, Milton. The Old United Empire Loyalists List. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc, 1976. (Originally published as; United Empire Loyalists. The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada. Rose Publishing Company, 1885.) ISBN 0-8063-0331-X
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American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
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Pan Am Flight 103's victims: A list of those killed 25 years ago | syracuse.com. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/12/pan_am_flight_103s_victims_a_list_of_those_killed_25_years_ago.html
Entombed in flood and flame (retrieved 3rd August 2021). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120603025705/http://www.crosskeys.me.uk/history/prince.htm
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Final Crew List, retrieved 2021, October 30th Retrieved from https://www.ussindianapolis.com/final-crew