Guyenne and Gascony were old French provinces that corresponded roughly to the Roman province of Aquitania Secunda and the archdiocese of Bordeaux. In the 12th century, it formed along with Gascony, the duchy of Aquitaine, which passed under the dominion of the kings of England by the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II.
","England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It occupies more than half of the land of the area. It shares its borders with Wales to the West and Scotland the to its north. Laced by great rivers and small streams, England is a fertile land which has supported a thriving agricultural economy for millenia.","The Flemish began to arrive in Britain at the time of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Walter Bec of Flanders led a contingent of his countrymen, who fought as allies of Duke William of Normandy during the Battle of Hastings. ","Local names, which are also referred to as toponymic surnames, were given to a person who resided near a physical feature such as a hill, stream, church, or type of tree. They were also sometimes used to denote a person's nationality.","Spain, which is presently a state that includes the Balearic and Canary Islands and is in southwestern Europe, was originally settled by the Iberians. In the first millennium BC, the Celts, who were from central Europe, invaded and began to mingle with the native Iberians. ","
Circa (c.)
A Latin word that literally means "about" or "around" as in c. 1500. The other forms ca or ca. are also used throughout the histories.
","Most famous for its connection with Robin Hood and Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire (Notts.) has created the Nottingham Caves Survey to help increase tourist interest. Nottinghamshire sits in the East Midlands and is bordered by South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. The county has history within the Palaeolithic period, as well as Saxon settlements. Economy was traditionally coal mining but once the invention of the knitting frame was introduced by a local it became known for its lace industry. ","Founded in 1788, New South Wales (NSW) was the first penal colony for England. British explorer, Captain James Cook, first discovered the east coast of Australia while attempting to examine the planet Venus in order to determine the distance from the Earth to the Sun in 1770, he first named it New Wales, then later New South Wales.","From its founding until the last prison ship set sail in 1868, Van Diemen's Land was the primary penal colony in Australia and over 75,000 convicts were transported there.","The First Fleet departed from Portsmouth, on the south coast of England, on May 13, 1787 and sailed for around 250 days. The fleet was comprised of eleven ships - six prison ships, three equipment ships, and two navy ships, Sirius and Supply. After an extremely long journey, the First Fleet finally arrived at Botany Bay, located in Sydney, New South Wales, between January 18 and 20, 1788.","It is generally thought that Norse Viking, Leif Erikson, was the first European to arrive on the island of Newfoundland, now the easternmost province of Canada. He arrived there in the year 1000 and established L'Anse aux Meadows, the only known Viking settlement in North America outside of Greenland. This site remains a historical site in Canada and it is located on the north coast of the island.","County Louth (Louth, An Lú)