Miller History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

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Etymology of Miller

What does the name Miller mean?

It was in the Scottish/English Borderlands that the Strathclyde-Briton people first used the ancient name Miller. It was a name for someone who lived in the county of Dumfries.

Early Origins of the Miller family

The surname Miller was first found in Dumfriesshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Phris), a Southern area, bordering on England that today forms part of the Dumfries and Galloway Council Area, where the Miller family held a family seat from ancient times. One line had its ancestral seat at Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire. During the Middle Ages, occupational names were frequently recorded in Latin; thus, one who worked at a mill would have been documented under the name Milendinarius, Le Molendinator, or De Molendino. The modern spellings "Miller" and "Millar" came into general use about 1500; earlier documents usually show the name in Latin.

Early History of the Miller family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Miller research. Another 130 words (9 lines of text) covering the years 1253, 1650 and 1750 are included under the topic Early Miller History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Miller Spelling Variations

Scribes in Medieval Scotland spelled names by sound rather than any set of rules, so an enormous number of spelling variations exist in names of that era. Miller has been spelled Miller, Millar, Myllar, Mylar, Millare, Myllair and many more.

Early Notables of the Miller family

Notable amongst the family at this time was

Miller of Monk Castle, as well as a Miller family, who were baronets, of Manderston, Berwickshire

Miller World Ranking

In the United States, the name Miller is the 7^th most popular surname with an estimated 1,054,488 people with that name. 1 However, in Canada, the name Miller is ranked the 18^th most popular surname with an estimated 63,126 people with that name. 2 And in Quebec, Canada, the name Miller is the 512^nd popular surname. 3 Newfoundland, Canada ranks Miller as 49^th with 480 people. 4 France ranks Miller as 3,361^st with 2,000 - 2,500 people. 5 Australia ranks Miller as 38^th with 45,832 people. 6 New Zealand ranks Miller as 36^th with 5,567 people. 7 The United Kingdom ranks Miller as 54^th with 76,379 people. 8 Russia ranks Miller as 383^rd with 41,539 people. 9 South Africa ranks Miller as 560^th with 12,463 people. 10

Migration of the Miller family to Ireland

Some of the Miller family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 45 words (3 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Miller migration to the United States +

The number of Strathclyde Clan families sailing for North America increased steadily as the persecution continued. In the colonies, they could find not only freedom from the iron hand of the English government, but land to settle on. The American War of Independence allowed many of these settlers to prove their independence, while some chose to go to Canada as United Empire Loyalists. Scots played essential roles in the forging of both great nations. Among them:

Miller Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

Mr. Alexander Miller who arrived in Salem, Massachusetts in 1630 aboard the ship "Ambrose" as part of the Winthrop Fleet 11
Mr. Richard Miller, aged 12, from England who arrived in Virginia aboard the ship "America" arriving in June 1635 11
Mr. Joseph Miller, aged 15, who arrived in New England in 1635 aboard the ship "Hopewell" 12
Mr. James Miller, aged 18, who arrived in Virginia in 1635 aboard the ship "Plain Joan" 12
Benjamin Miller, aged 30, who arrived in Bermuda, (Somers Islands) in 1635 aboard the ship "Truelove" 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller Settlers in United States in the 18th Century

Symon Miller, who arrived in Virginia in 1705 13
Steve Miller, who arrived in New York in 1709 13
Joost Miller, who arrived in New York in 1709 13
Conrad Miller, German who arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1727 aboard the ship "William and Sarah" 14
Jurgen Miller, German who arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1727 aboard the ship "James Goodwill" 14
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller Settlers in United States in the 19th Century

Alexander Craig Miller, who landed in New York in 1801 13
Catharina Miller, aged 13, who landed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1807 13
Adam Miller, who arrived in Somerset County, Pennsylvania in 1809 13
Ann Miller, aged 55, who arrived in Maryland in 1812 13
Arthur G Miller, aged 27, who landed in Georgia in 1812 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller Settlers in United States in the 20th Century

Archie W Miller, who arrived in Mississippi in 1902 13
Mr. William Miller, (b. 1864), aged 40, American slater returning from Cornwall, UK travelling aboard the ship "St Louis" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 27th March 1904 en route to Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania, USA 15

Miller migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Miller Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century

Stephen Miller, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1750
Capt. Garrett Miller U.E. (b. 1738) born in Court Matrix, County Limerick, Ireland from Camden Valley, New York, USA who settled in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec c. 1779, then Ernest Town [Ernestown], Lennox & Addington, Ontario in 1796 he served in the Royal Rangers with Colonel Peters Corps, married twice having 12 children, he died in 1823 Switzerville, Ontario 16
Mr. James Miller U.E. who settled in Elizabeth Town [Elizabethtown], Leeds County, Ontario c .1780 16
Mr. Jane Miller U.E. who settled in Belle Vue, Beaver Harbour, Charlotte County, New Brunswick c. 1783 16
Mr. John Miller U.E. who arrived at Port Roseway, [Shelbourne], Nova Scotia on October 26, 1783 was passenger number 4 aboard the ship "HMS Clinton", picked up on September 20, 1783 at East River, New York, USA 16
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century

James Miller, aged 22, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Favourite" in 1815
Elizabeth Miller, aged 20, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick aboard the ship "Favourite" in 1815
John Miller, aged 21, a labourer, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Atlas" in 1815
James Miller, aged 48, a farmer, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Dorothy" in 1815
Mary Miller, aged 38, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Dorothy" in 1815
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century

Miss Dagmar Miller, Danish settler who sailed aboard the ship "Stavangerfjord" arriving in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada in 1951

Miller migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Miller Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century

Mr. William Miller, English convict who was convicted in London, England for life, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 17

Miller Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century

Mr. John Miller, (b. 1770), aged 30, English milliner who was convicted in Middlesex, England for 7 years for stealing, transported aboard the "Earl Cornwallis" in August 1800, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, he died in 1816 18
Mr. Edward Miller, (Rummens), English convict who was convicted in Sussex, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Baring" in April 1815, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 19
Mr. James Miller, (Josephs), English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Baring" in April 1815, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 19
Mr. John Miller, English convict who was convicted in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Fame" on 9th October 1816, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 20
Mr. George Miller, English convict who was convicted in Sussex, England for life, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 16th January 1816, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 21
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Miller Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century

William Miller, aged 28, a labourer, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
Maria Miller, aged 27, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
Robert Miller, aged 9, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
Janet Miller, aged 7, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
Mary Miller, aged 5, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Blenheim" in 1840
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Miller migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 22

Miller Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century

Mr. John Miller, (b. 1588), aged 47, British settler travelling aboard the ship "The Dorset" arriving in Barbados in September 1635 23
Mr. Phillip Miller, (b. 1614), aged 21, British settler travelling from Gravesend, England aboard the ship "Falcon" arriving in Barbados in 1636 24

Miller Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century

Thomas Miller, who arrived in Antigua (Antego) in 1752-1756 13

Contemporary Notables of the name Miller (post 1700) +

Norman Charles Miller (1934-2025), American journalist, worked for The Wall Street Journal
Venus Bell Miller (1917-1978), née Cox, American Private in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, first all-female, all-African-American battalion to server overseas
Perry Miller (1941-2025), known professionally as Jesse Colin Young, an American singer and songwriter, founding member and lead singer of the 1960s group the Youngbloods, embarked on a solo career, releasing a series of albums through Warner Bros. Records, including Song for Juli (1973), Light Shine (1974), Songbird (1975), and the live album On the Road (1976)
Oliver J. Miller (1970-2025), American former professional basketball player
Benzion Miller (1947-2025), German-born American cantor, schochet and mohel
Dorothy Golt Leonard Miller (1945-2024), born Dorothy Virginia Golt, American business executive
Ken Miller (1941-2024), American football coach
Jerry Miller (1943-2024), American songwriter, guitarist and vocalist, founder of the Jerry Miller Band and Moby Grape; Rolling Stone included Miller at number 68 on their list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time
Rosemary Young Miller (1939-1974), American trap and skeet shooter, inducted into the Delaware Trapshooting Hall of Fame in 1979, the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame in 1983, and the Skeetshooting Hall of Fame in 2002, a three-time first-team All-American as selected by Sports Afield magazine and ranked as high as the second-best woman trap shooter in the U.S
Donna Reed Miller (1946-2024), American Democratic politician and Councilwoman representing the Eighth District on the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
... (Another 88 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Historic Events for the Miller family +

Arrow Air Flight 1285

Mr. Richard Dean Miller (1960-1985), American Staff Sergeant from Tyler, Texas, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25
Mr. Dirk A Miller (1965-1985), American Warrant Officer Class II from Clarksville, Tennessee, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25
Mr. Timothy E Miller (1965-1985), American Specialist 4th Class from Noblesville, Indiana, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25
Mr. Larry Gene Miller (1961-1985), American Sergeant from Loogootee, Indiana, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 25

Empress of Ireland

Miss Catherine Miller (1880-1914), Canadian First Class Passenger from St. Catharinas, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 26

Flight TWA 800

Mr. Robert P. Miller (1934-1996), from Tenafly, New Jersey, USA, American borough supervisor flying aboard Flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; he died in the crash 27
Mr. Kyle C. Miller (1966-1996), from Andreas, Pennsylvania, USA, American passenger flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; he died in the crash 27
Ms. Joan W. Miller (d. 1996), from Fairfield, Connecticut, USA, American passenger flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; she died in the crash 27
Mr. Gideon Miller (1939-1996), from Sarasota, Florida, USA, American off-duty TWA employee flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; he died in the crash 27
Mrs. Elizabeth Miller (d. 1996), from Tenafly, New Jersey, USA, American passenger flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; she died in the crash 27
... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Fraterville mine

Mr. Houston C. Miller (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 28
Mr. Leon C. Miller (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 28

Halifax Explosion

Ms. Ethel Annie Miller, Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 29
Ms. Eva Elizabeth Miller (1875-1917), Canadian resident from Beech Hill, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 29
Mrs. Ethel M Miller (1887-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 29
Mr. James Miller, Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 29
Mr. W. Miller (1893-1917), Jamaican Seaman aboard the SS Calonne from Jamaica who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 29
... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Hillcrest Coal Mine

Mr. William George Miller (1892-1914), English Driver from England, United Kingdom who worked in the Hillcrest Coal Mine, Alberta, Canada and died in the mine collapse 30
Mr. William Miller (1884-1914), Scottish Miner from Dalrymple, Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom who worked in the Hillcrest Coal Mine, Alberta, Canada and died in the mine collapse 30

HMAS Sydney II

Mr. Kenneth Roscoe Miller (1915-1941), Australian Ordinary Seaman from North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
Mr. James Douglas Haig Miller (1919-1941), Australian Able Seaman from Malvern, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
Mr. George James Miller (1917-1941), Australian Cook (S) from Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
Mr. Robert Alfred Miller (1920-1941), Australian Stoker from Victoria Park, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31
Mr. Martin Patrick Miller (1920-1941), Australian Steward from North Essendon, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 31

HMS Dorsetshire

George William Alfred Miller (d. 1945), British Engine Room Artificer 4th Class aboard the HMS Dorsetshire when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he died in the sinking 32

HMS Hood

Mr. Thomas Miller (b. 1918), Scottish Able Seaman serving for the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve from Patrick, Glasgow, Scotland, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 33
Mr. James A K Miller (b. 1919), English Stoker 1st Class serving for the Royal Navy from Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 33

HMS Prince of Wales

Mr. Charles Terence Miller, British Corporal, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 34
Mr. Frederick James Miller, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking, was listed as missing and presumed killed during the evacuation of Singapore 1942 34

HMS Repulse

Mr. Forbes Miller, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 35
Mr. Harry B Miller, "Dusty" British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 35
Mr. Andrew Lyall Miller, British Midshipman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 35
Mr. Harry Davis Miller, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 35
Mr. Ronald John Hollinger Miller, British Steward, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 35

HMS Royal Oak

Joseph Henry Miller (1920-1939), British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 36
Albert Edward Miller (1923-1939), British Boy 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 36

Lady of the Lake

Mr. Benjamin Miller, crew seaman who sailed aboard the "Lady of the Lake" from Greenock, Scotland on 8th April 1833 to Quebec, Canada when the ship hit ice and sunk of the coast of Newfoundland on the 11th May 1833 and he survived the sinking

Monongah Mine

Mr. Albert Miller (b. 1879), American coal miner who was in mine 6 at the Monongah Mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died 37
Mr. J. W. Miller (b. 1859), Polish coal miner who was in mine 6 at the Monongah mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died 37
Mr. Chas. Miller (b. 1869), American Polish coal miner who was in mine 8 at the Monongah mine on 6th December 1907 when it exploded and collapsed; he died 37

Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)

Joseph Kenneth Miller (1932-1988), American Accounting Firm Executive from Woodmere, New York, America, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died 38

RMS Lusitania

Captain James Blaine Miller, American 1st Class Passenger from Washington, District of Columbia, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking and was recovered 39

Triangle Waist Company

Miss Annie Miller (b. 1895), Austrian Jewish garment worker who was working at Triangle Waist Company factory at the Asch building in Greenwich Village on the 25th March 1911 when fire broke out; she died in the fire 40
Miss Dora Miller, "Maisler", American worker who was at Triangle Waist Company factory at the Asch building in Greenwich Village on the 25th March 1911 when fire broke out; she survived the fire 40

USS Arizona

Mr. Jim D. Miller, American Ensign working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he survived the sinking 41
Mr. William Oscar Miller, American Signalman Third Class from Illinois, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 41
Mr. George Stanley Miller, American Seaman First Class from Ohio, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 41
Mr. Jessie Zimmer Miller, American Seaman First Class from Ohio, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 41
Mr. John David Miller, American Seaman First Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 41
... (Another 3 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

USS Indianapolis

Artie Ronald Miller, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 42
George Edwin Miller, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 42
Glenn Evert Miller, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 42
Samuel George Miller Jr., American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 42
Walter Raymond Miller, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 42
... (Another 2 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Winter Quarters coal mine

Mr. Harrison A. Miller (b. 1867), American mine worker from Kamas, Summit, Utah who worked in the Winter Quarters coal mine on 1st May 1900, when 10 of the 25lb kegs of black powder exploded; he died in the explosion 43
Mr. Issac A. Miller (b. 1871), American mine worker from Coalville, Summit, Utah who worked in the Winter Quarters coal mine on 1st May 1900, when 10 of the 25lb kegs of black powder exploded; he died in the explosion 43
Mr. John L. Miller (b. 1872), Welsh mine worker from Glamorganshire, Wales from Scofield, Utah who worked in the Winter Quarters coal mine on 1st May 1900, when 10 of the 25lb kegs of black powder exploded; he died in the explosion 43
Mr. Morgan Miller (b. 1867), Welsh mine worker from Glamorganshire, Wales from Scofield, Utah who worked in the Winter Quarters coal mine on 1st May 1900, when 10 of the 25lb kegs of black powder exploded; he died in the explosion 43
Mr. Van Ransler R. Miller (b. 1861), American mine worker from Salt Lake, Utah who worked in the Winter Quarters coal mine on 1st May 1900, when 10 of the 25lb kegs of black powder exploded; he died in the explosion 43
... (Another 1 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

The Miller Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Manent optima coelo
Motto Translation: The best things await us in heaven.

Citations +

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"The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/nom-de-famille/nom/
"Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
"Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
"UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
"Most Common Last Names in Russia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/russia/surnames
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Egle, William Henry. Names of foreigners who took the oath of allegiance to the province and state of Pennsylvania... Edwin K. Meyers state printer, 1892
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HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
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