Scott. History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Origins Available:
England
Scotland
Ireland

Etymology of Scott.

What does the name Scott. mean?

In the annals of Scottish history, few names go farther back than Scott., whose ancestors go back to the people of the Boernician tribe. The first family to use the name Scott. lived in Roxburgh (now part of the region of Borders), Scotland. The surname Scott is of local origin as it denotes one who came from Scotland as in the Scot. The double 't' in Scott is now universal. Other records claim the name was for someone in England, who came to be from Scotland. Pre-dating surnames, the name may have been used for a Gaelic speaker within Scotland, who arrived with the Gaelic Dalriadans from Ireland in around 500 AD.

Scott. Coat of Arms Creation

The crest of Scott of Dunninald is a lion's head. There are two mottoes, " Tace aut face " (Be silent or do), and " Spe vires augentur " (Strength is increased by hope). This branch of the Scotts is descended from Michael Scott, the wizard. Another Scott has a flaming beacon as his crest, and the motto, " Regi fidelis patrice-que " (Faithful to King and country). Another has as a crest an arm holding in the hand a scroll, and yet another has a crescent, from which is seen issuing a bee, and the motto, " Invitum sequitur honor " (Honour follows though unsought).

None of the Scotts now has as a crest a mural crown, from which issue six horsemen's lances with pennons, though that crest was given by James V. to John Scott of Thirlestane, who led three score and ten " Launciers " on horseback, willing to go with that King to England when all the nobles and others refused, and the King's letter to the Lion Herald says, " To give and to grant to John Scott an bundle of launces above his helmet with the words Ready aye ready ' as a token of our goodwill and kindness for his true worthiness."

Why do none of the Scotts have this crest now ?

The Duke of Buccleuch is a Scott. His crest is a stag tripping. The motto is " Amo " (I love), which was assumed by his predecessor when he got his first estate by marrying the heiress of Murdistoun. The shield shows the alliances made with the Douglas and Mar families. 1

Early Origins of the Scott. family

The surname Scott. was first found in Roxburghshire, where a family seat was held on the lands of Ballendan at the head of the Ale water in that county. They descended from Uchtredus Scott who held the lands before 1107; he is on record as a witness to the foundation charter of Selkirk in 1120. Another early record is of Henricus le Scotte, who witnessed a charter by David Earl of Strathearn around 1195. By 1200, this great Clan controlled the borderlands of the Middle Marches of West Teviotdale, Ewesdale, Liddesdale, Buccleuch and Balweariel. 2

Early History of the Scott. family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Scott. research. Another 212 words (15 lines of text) covering the years 1296, 1450, 1565, 1611, 1644, 1647, 1649, 1661, 1674, 1685, 1693, 1705, 1745, 1771, 1832 and 1890 are included under the topic Early Scott. History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Scott. Spelling Variations

Over the years, Scott. has been written It appears under these variations because medieval scribes spelled names according to sound rather than by any over-arching set of rules. Scott, Scot, Skotts, Scot, Scotach, Scott, Schotts and many more.

Early Notables of the Scott. family

Notable amongst the family name during their early history was Walter Scott of Buccleuch (1565-1611), a Scottish nobleman and famous border reiver, known as the "Bold Buccleuch"; Mary Scott, 3rd Countess of Buccleuch and Countess of Tarras (1647-1661) Scottish peeress who married at the age of 11; Walter Scott, 1st Earl of Tarras (1644-1693), a Scottish nobleman who...
Another 58 words (4 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Scott. Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Scott. World Ranking

In the United States, the name Scott. is the 34^th most popular surname with an estimated 460,095 people with that name. 3 However, in Canada, the name Scott. is ranked the 26^th most popular surname with an estimated 51,132 people with that name. 4 And in Quebec, Canada, the name Scott. is the 618^th popular surname. 5 Newfoundland, Canada ranks Scott. as 177^th with 227 people. 6 France ranks Scott. as 4,787^th with 1,500 - 2,000 people. 7 Australia ranks Scott. as 32^nd with 47,646 people. 8 New Zealand ranks Scott. as 7^th with 7,010 people. 9 The United Kingdom ranks Scott. as 29^th with 107,393 people. 10 South Africa ranks Scott. as 487^th with 14,695 people. 11

Migration of the Scott. family to Ireland

Some of the Scott. family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 55 words (4 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Scott. migration to the United States +

When these Boernician-Scottish settlers arrived in North America they brought little with them and often had restart their lives from scratch. Through time, much of their heritage was lost, and it is only this century through Clan societies and highland games that many have recovered their national heritage. Research into various historical records has revealed some of first members of the Scott. family to immigrate North America:

Scott. Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

Mr. Nicholas Scott, (Skot), who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia aboard the ship "Discovery" in 1607 12
Walter Scott, who landed in Virginia in 1618 aboard the ship "Hercules" 13
Apphia Scott, who arrived in Virginia in 1618 aboard the ship "Gift" 13
Goodwife Scott, who arrived in Virginia in 1623
Mrs. Scott, who landed in Virginia in 1623 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. Settlers in United States in the 18th Century

Edward Scott, who arrived in Virginia in 1702 13
Thomas Scott, who arrived in Virginia in 1702 13
Anne Scott, who arrived in Virginia in 1703 13
Richard Scott, who landed in Virginia in 1705 13
Thomas Scott, who landed in Virginia in 1711 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. Settlers in United States in the 19th Century

Hector Scott, aged 34, who landed in New York in 1800 13
Joicy Scott, who arrived in Charleston, South Carolina in 1800 13
Hugh Scott, who landed in America in 1801 13
Benjamin Scott, who arrived in America in 1803 13
Elenor Scott, aged 29, who arrived in New Castle or Philadelphia in 1804 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. Settlers in United States in the 20th Century

Harry Scott, who arrived in Arkansas in 1900 13
Jewett McLellan Scott, aged 35, who landed in Mobile, Ala in 1905 13
Doddridge Malven Scott, who landed in Alabama in 1915 13
Lemuel Alton Scott, who landed in Alabama in 1917 13
Varian Cuthbert Scott, who landed in Alabama in 1918 13
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Scott. Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century

Elizabeth Scott, who landed in Newfoundland in 1665 14

Scott. Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century

James Scott, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
Joseph Scott, who landed in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
Joseph Scott, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749
Richard Scott, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
Rosana Scott, who landed in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century

Thomas Scott, aged 37, a labourer, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Atlas" in 1815
Janet Scott, aged 26, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Atlas" in 1815
Agnes Scott, aged 5, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Atlas" in 1815
Jane Scott, aged 2, who arrived in Quebec aboard the ship "Atlas" in 1815
Mary Anne Scott, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1820
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century

M D Scott, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1907

Scott. migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Scott. Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century

Miss Sarah Scott, (b. 1783), aged 30, Irish convict who was convicted in Monaghan, Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Catherine" on 8th December 1813, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 15
Mr. Andrew Scott, British Convict who was convicted in Derby, England for life, transported aboard the "Earl Spencer" in May 1813, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 16
Mr. Joseph Scott, English convict who was convicted in Surrey, England for 14 years, transported aboard the "Fanny" on 25th August 1815, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 17
Mr. Archibald Scott, Scottish convict who was convicted in Edinburgh, Scotland for 14 years, transported aboard the "Asiatic" on 5th June 1819, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
Mr. Edward Scott, English convict who was convicted in Surrey, England for 7 years, transported aboard the "Asiatic" on 5th June 1819, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Scott. Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century

Janet Scott, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1839
William Scott, who landed in New Zealand in 1839
Peter Scott, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
A Scott, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840 aboard the ship Bengal Merchant 19
D Scott, who landed in Wellington, New Zealand in 1840
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Scott. migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 20

Scott. Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century

Elizabeth Scott, aged 20, who arrived in Isla de Providencia in 1635 aboard the ship "Expectation" 13
John Scott, aged 16, who arrived in Barbados in 1635 aboard the ship "Falcon" 13
Mr. John Scott, (b. 1593), aged 42, British settler travelling from Gravesend, England aboard the ship "Falcon" arriving in Barbados in 1636 21

Scott. Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century

John Scott, who landed in Jamaica in 1715-1716 13

Contemporary Notables of the name Scott. (post 1700) +

Charles Scott (1739-1813), American military officer and politician, 4th Governor of Kentucky from 1808 to 1812
Anthony "Tony" Scott (1951-2024), American professional baseball center fielder and coach who played for the Montreal Expos, St. Louis Cardinals, and Houston Astros of Major League Baseball from 1973 to 1984
James C. Scott (1936-2024), American political scientist and anthropologist specializing in comparative politics
John L. Scott Jr. (1953-2023), American politician who represented the Columbia-based 19th district of the South Carolina Senate from 2009 until his death
Charity Scott (1951-2023), American legal scholar, Professor of Law Emerita at Georgia State University
Javorius Tykies Scott (1998-2022), known professionally as JayDaYoungan, an American rapper and singer, best known for his singles "23 Island", "Elimination" and "Opps", which million of streams; he was shot and killed on July 27, 2022 at the age of 24
Ray Scott (1933-2022), American outdoorsman, founder of the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society (B.A.S.S.) in 1967, creator of the first national bass tournament trail (the Bassmaster Tournament Trail), Bassmaster Magazine, The Bassmasters television show and the BASS Federation
Lieutenant General Winfield Wayne Scott Jr. (1927-2022), American 10th Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bronze Star
Alan Brown Scott (1932-2021), American ophthalmologist specializing in eye muscles and their disorders, best known for his work in developing and manufacturing the drug that became known as Botox
Julius S. Scott (d. 2021), American author of The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution (2018)
... (Another 77 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Historic Events for the Scott. family +

Air New Zealand Flight 901

Mr. Russell Morrison Scott (d. 1979), New Zealander Purser, from Auckland, New Zealand working aboard the Air New Zealand sightseeing Flight 901 when it flew into Mount Erebus; he died in the crash 22
Mrs. Marie Theresa Scott (1939-1979), New Zealander passenger, from Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand aboard the Air New Zealand Flight 901 for an Antarctic sightseeing flight when it flew into Mount Erebus; she died in the crash 22

Arrow Air Flight 1285

Mr. Gary L Scott (1964-1985), American Specialist 4th Class from Oak Grove, Kentucky, USA who died in the Arrow Air Flight 1285 crash 23

Empress of Ireland

Mr. Walter Scott (d. 1914), British Engineer ex Empress of Asia from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24
Mr. John Scott (d. 1914), Canadian Second Class Passenger from Mortlach, Saskatchewan, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24
Master Thomas A Scott (1912-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24
Mrs. Margaret Scott (1889-1914), née Paverley Canadian Third Class Passenger from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24
Mr. Thomas Usher Scott (1887-1914), Canadian Third Class Passenger from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 24

Flight TWA 800

Mr. Michael Gray Scott (1952-1996), from Stevenson, Alabama, USA, American passenger traveling with family flying aboard Flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; he died in the crash 25
Mr. Joseph Michael Scott (1983-1996), from Stevenson, Alabama, USA, American Physicist flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; he died in the crash 25
Mrs. Barbara Stewart Scott (1957-1996), from Stevenson, Alabama, USA, American registered nurse flying aboard flight TWA 800 from J.F.K. Airport, New York to Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome when the plane crashed after takeoff ; she died in the crash 25

Frank Rock Slide

Mr. J. J. Scott, Canadian printer of Frank, Alberta who was buried in the Frank Rock Slide on 29th April 1903 26

Fraterville mine

Mr. Alex B. Scott (d. 1902), American coal miner at Fraterville mine in Tennessee, on the 19th May 1902 when an explosion collapsed the mine; he died 27

HMAS Sydney II

Mr. George Gillick Scott (1914-1941), Australian Acting Petty Officer from Kirribilli, New South Wales, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 28

HMS Dorsetshire

William John Scott (d. 1945), British Able Seaman aboard the HMS Dorsetshire when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he died in the sinking 29
Eric Stuart Scott (d. 1945), British Chief Engine Room Artificer aboard the HMS Dorsetshire when she was struck by air bombers and sunk; he died in the sinking 29

HMS Hood

Mr. William P Scott (b. 1922), English Stoker 2nd Class serving for the Royal Navy from Darlington, County Durham, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 30
Mr. Robert C Scott (b. 1915), English Marine serving for the Royal Marine from Swindon, Wiltshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 30
Mr. James Scott (b. 1897), English Leading Stoker serving for the Royal Navy from Morpeth, Northumberland, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 30
Mr. Jack Scott (b. 1923), English Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Bradford, Yorkshire, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 30
Mr. Andrew B Scott (b. 1915), Scottish Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 30

HMS Prince of Wales

Mr. George Stanley Scott, British Marine, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 31
Mr. Scott, British Able Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 31
Mr. Scott, British Engine Room Artificer, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and died in the sinking 31

HMS Repulse

Mr. John Scott (1921-1942), Scottish Able Bodied Seaman from Edinburgh, Scotland, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse and survived the sinking, was listed as missing presumed killed in the evacuation of Singapore in 1942 32
Mr. Frederic Jeane Scott (1919-1944), English Stoker 1st Class from Horwich, Lancashire, England, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse and survived the sinking, died whilst a Prisoner of War in in 1944 32

HMS Royal Oak

Edger L. Scott, British Painter with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 33
William Scott (1910-1939), British Leading Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 33

Lady of the Lake

Miss Margaret Scott (b. 1830), Irish traveller from Castletown, Ireland who sailed aboard the "Lady of the Lake" from Greenock, Scotland on 8th April 1833 to Quebec, Canada when the ship hit ice and sunk of the coast of Newfoundland on the 11th May 1833 and she died in the sinking
Mr. John Scott (b. 1827), Irish labourer from Castletown, Ireland who sailed aboard the "Lady of the Lake" from Greenock, Scotland on 8th April 1833 to Quebec, Canada when the ship hit ice and sunk of the coast of Newfoundland on the 11th May 1833 and he died in the sinking
Mrs. Nancy Scott (b. 1805), Irish traveller from Castletown, Ireland who sailed aboard the "Lady of the Lake" from Greenock, Scotland on 8th April 1833 to Quebec, Canada when the ship hit ice and sunk of the coast of Newfoundland on the 11th May 1833 and she died in the sinking

Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)

Sally Elizabeth Scott (1966-1988), American Chef from Huntington, New York, America, who flew aboard the Pan Am Flight 103 from Frankfurt to Detroit, known as the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and died 34

RMS Lusitania

Mr. C. Scott, English Fireman from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 35
Master Arthur Scott Jr., English 3rd Class passenger residing in No. Adams, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 36
Mrs. Alice Ann Scott, English 3rd Class passenger residing in No. Adams, USA, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking and was recovered 36
Captain Alick John Scott, English 1st Class Passenger residing in Manila, Philippines returning to England to enlist, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 36
Mr. George Scott, Canadian 2nd Class passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 36

RMS Titanic

Mr. John Scott (d. 1912), aged 21, English Boots Steward from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 37
Mr. Archibald Scott (d. 1912), aged 40, English Fireman/Stoker from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic, died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett 37
Mr. Frederick William Scott (d. 1912), aged 28, English Trimmer from Southampton, Hampshire who worked aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 37

Senghenydd colliery

Mr. John Henry Scott (b. 1887), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 38

USS Arizona

Mr. A. J. Scott, American Seaman Second Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 39
Mr. Crawford Edward Scott, American Private First Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 39
Mr. George Harrison Scott, American Private First Class working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 39

USS Indianapolis

Burl Down Scott, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 40
Curtis Marvin Scott, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 40
Hilliard Scott, American crew member on board the ship "USS Indianapolis" when she was on a top secret trip for the first nuclear weapon, she was sunk by Japanese Navy on 30th July 1945, he was one of the many who were killed in the sinking due to exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning and shark attacks 40

Victoria steamboat disaster

Jane Scott, Canadian passenger who was killed in the Victoria steamboat disaster when the boat capsized in 1881

Vimy Ridge

George Scott (1896-1917), Canadian warehouse man, Sergeant in the 44th Battalion from Manitoba who died at Vimy Ridge June 1917

The Scott. Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Amo
Motto Translation: I love

Citations +

Polson, Alexander, The Romance of Scottish Crests and Mottoes. Inverness: Walter Alexander, Inglis Street 1929. Print
Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
"What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
"Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
"The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/nom-de-famille/nom/
"Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
"Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
"UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
"Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
Pilgrim Ship's of 1600's Retrieved January 6th 2023, retrieved from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
Seary E.R., Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland, Montreal: McGill's-Queen's Universtity Press 1998 ISBN 0-7735-1782-0
Convict Records of Australia (Retreived 2nd January 2021, retreived from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/catherine
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 8th September 2021). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/earl-spencer
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 28th September 2022). https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/fairlie
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 14th July 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/atlas
Shadow Time Settlers (Retrieved 5th November 2010), retrieved from http://shadowsoftime.co.nz/settlers.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
Pilgrim Ship Lists Early 1600's retrieved 28th September 2021 from https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/shiplist.htm
Mount Erebus, Memorial, Roll of Remembrance (Retrieved 2018, February 21st). Retrieved from http://www.erebus.co.nz/memorialandawards/rollofremembrance.aspx
American War Memorials - Flight 1285. (Retrieved 2016, August 24) . Retrieved from http://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=317&MemID=550
Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
The Washington Post Passenger List TWA Flight 800. (Retrieved 2018, February 15th). Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/twa800/list01.htm
Calgary Herald news article retrieved 11th August 2021. Retrieved from https://smartcdn.prod.postmedia.digital/calgaryherald/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Calgary_Herald_Thu__Apr_30__1903_-copy-scaled.jpg
News paper article Fraterville Mine Disaster retrieved on 6th August 2021. (Retrieved from http://www.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/fraterville.htm).
HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
Force Z Survivors HMS Dorsetshire Crew List, (Retrieved 2018, February 13th), https://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listdorsetshirecrew.html
H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
Pan Am Flight 103's victims: A list of those killed 25 years ago | syracuse.com. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/12/pan_am_flight_103s_victims_a_list_of_those_killed_25_years_ago.html
Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 7) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 6) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
Universal Colliery Senghenydd 1913 disaster retrieved 21st September 2019, retrieved from http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/SenghenyddDead1913.htm
Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html
Final Crew List, retrieved 2021, October 30th Retrieved from https://www.ussindianapolis.com/final-crew

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