","The feudal system lasted for approximately six centuries. Its structure varied from nation to nation and manor to manor. Essentially, the Feudal System granted large tracts of land to lords, who offered the protection of their estate and their court to those who swore allegiance to them. ","Local names, which are also referred to as toponymic surnames, were given to a person who resided near a physical feature such as a hill, stream, church, or type of tree. They were also sometimes used to denote a person's nationality.","
Circa (c.)
A Latin word that literally means "about" or "around" as in c. 1500. The other forms ca or ca. are also used throughout the histories.
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