Circa (c.)
A Latin word that literally means "about" or "around" as in c. 1500. The other forms ca or ca. are also used throughout the histories.
","Founded in 1788, New South Wales (NSW) was the first penal colony for England. British explorer, Captain James Cook, first discovered the east coast of Australia while attempting to examine the planet Venus in order to determine the distance from the Earth to the Sun in 1770, he first named it New Wales, then later New South Wales.","From its founding until the last prison ship set sail in 1868, Van Diemen's Land was the primary penal colony in Australia and over 75,000 convicts were transported there.","The First Fleet departed from Portsmouth, on the south coast of England, on May 13, 1787 and sailed for around 250 days. The fleet was comprised of eleven ships - six prison ships, three equipment ships, and two navy ships, Sirius and Supply. After an extremely long journey, the First Fleet finally arrived at Botany Bay, located in Sydney, New South Wales, between January 18 and 20, 1788.","Wiltshire (Wilts.) is located in the South West of England bordered by Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. Known for its pre-roman archeology, the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age people that occupied and built settlements on the hills and the downland. Stonehenge and Avebury are one of the largest tourist attractions for this reason. Rich history in the area covers many centuries with local nicknames and records in the Domesday Survey.","Dutch navigator Willem Jansz aboard the Duyfken was the first European to land in waht is now known as Australia in 1606. He charted much of the Gulf of Carpentaria, located on the northern coast of Australia. In 1616, another Dutch captain, Dirk Hartog, landed on the west coast of Australia near Shark Bay.","Cheshire is located in the North West of England, the history can be traced back to the Hoxnian interglacial (400,000 and 380,00 Years BP), stone age remains have been found showing permanent habitation in the Neolithic period.","England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It occupies more than half of the land of the area. It shares its borders with Wales to the West and Scotland the to its north. Laced by great rivers and small streams, England is a fertile land which has supported a thriving agricultural economy for millenia.","Wales, or Cymru a region of rugged mountains, Moors and forests, is noted for its large coal deposits. Its people are known for their strong Celtic heritage and renowned choral groups. This region was originally populated by an Iberian people, who were overrun by the Celts in the 6th century BC.","In the South East of England, Surrey borders with Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire as well as Greater London. Surrey has the highest land area of woodland of all the counties in England, four horse race courses and multiply golf courses. The area of Surrey changed through history with Southwark (Roman Settlement) moving into Greater London, as well as Newington. Many castles and Estates were built, through the 14th Century these were built more for prestige than military importance.","In America, those who took up arms for the Crown and fought for a United Empire longed to see the English people united under a common flag and sovereign. These largely forgotten U. E. Loyalists (United Empire Loyalists) who resolved not to live under any flag but the British flag were often driven out of the United States.","With coast line along the English Channel and access routes to the Isle of Wright, Hampshire (Hants) has two of the largest cities well known in history, Southampton and Portsmouth which are administered separately. Originally named after Southampton which was a settlement, it is now one of the most affluent counties in England. Home to famous writers Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, as well as the childhood home of Florence Nightingale and birth place of Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It has been occupied since the end of the last Ice Age around 12,000 BCE when sea levels were lower and the land bridge was too attached to Europe. 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