Clarke History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms

Origins Available:
England
Ireland
Scotland

Etymology of Clarke

What does the name Clarke mean?

The name Clarke is Anglo-Saxon in origin. It was a name given to a person who concerned himself with matters of scholarly importance or of religious orders or as a secretary. The surname Clarke originally derived from the Latin form clericus. 1 2 3

"A learned person-that is, one who could in old times read and write-accomplishments not so rare, after all, as we are sometimes induced to think, since this is among the commonest of surnames. "4

"As all writing and secretarial work in the Middle Ages was done by the clergy, the term came to mean 'scholar, secretary, recorder or penraan'." 5

Early Origins of the Clarke family

The surname Clarke was first found in Hampshire where Richerius clericus was registered in the Domesday Book of 1086. 6 A few years later in Somerset, Willelm de Clerec was registered c. 1100 and a hundred or so years later, Reginald Clerc was listed in the Curia Regis Rolls for Rutland in 1205. In Lincolnshire, the first record there was John le Clerk in 1272. 5

The Hundredorum Rolls of 1273 proved the widespread use of the name at that time: Boniface Clericus, Lincolnshire; Thomas le Clerk, Lincolnshire; Batekyn Clericus, Essex; Gilbert le Clerk, Oxfordshire; and Thomas le Clerck, Buckinghamshire. 1

In Yorkshire, the Yorkshire Poll Tax Rolls of 1379 included: Robertus Clarke; Beatrix Clerc; Henricus Clerk; Robertus Clerk' et Johanna uxor ejus; and Agnes Clerk. 1

The name is "universally distributed over England, but most numerous in its centre. Absent in Wales, and scarce in most of the counties on the Welsh border. Not frequent in most of the south - west great counties. Best represented in Buckinghamshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Nottinghamshire. As in the counties of Nottinghamshire and Shropshire, it would sometimes appear that the terminal e signifies a transference from the Trade to the Court Directory. Clark is found over a large part of Scotland, but is rare in the northern part." 7

Early History of the Clarke family

This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Clarke research. Another 72 words (5 lines of text) covering the years 1599, 1609, 1619, 1624, 1626, 1647, 1649, 1653, 1655, 1660, 1661, 1666, 1670, 1672, 1675, 1676, 1679, 1681, 1683, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1697, 1710 and 1715 are included under the topic Early Clarke History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Clarke Spelling Variations

Until the dictionary, an invention of only the last few hundred years, the English language lacked any comprehensive system of spelling rules. Consequently, spelling variations in names are frequently found in early Anglo-Saxon and later Anglo-Norman documents. One person's name was often spelled several different ways over a lifetime. The recorded variations of Clarke include Clarke, Clerke and others.

Early Notables of the Clarke family

Notables of this surname at this time include:

Sir William Clarke (died 1666), an English politician, Secretary at War (1661), Secretary to the Council of the Army, 1647-1649
Timothy Clarke (died 1672), an English physician, a founding Fellow of the Royal Society
John Clarke (died 1675), an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1670 to 1675
John Clarke (1609-1676), English-born medical doctor born at Westhorpe, Suffolk, Baptist minister, co-founder of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, author of its charter, and leadi...
Samuel Clarke (1599-1683), an English clergyman and significant Puritan biographer

Clarke World Ranking

In the United States, the name Clarke is the 482^nd most popular surname with an estimated 59,688 people with that name. 8 However, in Canada, the name Clarke is ranked the 57^th most popular surname with an estimated 36,520 people with that name. 9 And in Quebec, Canada, the name Clarke is the 634^th popular surname. 10 Newfoundland, Canada ranks Clarke as 15^th with 934 people. 11 Australia ranks Clarke as 33^rd with 47,613 people. 12 New Zealand ranks Clarke as 42^nd with 5,442 people. 13 The United Kingdom ranks Clarke as 25^th with 114,723 people. 14 South Africa ranks Clarke as 809^th with 8,603 people. 15

Migration of the Clarke family to Ireland

Some of the Clarke family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. More information about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.

Clarke migration to the United States +

Thousands of English families boarded ships sailing to the New World in the hope of escaping the unrest found in England at this time. Although the search for opportunity and freedom from persecution abroad took the lives of many because of the cramped conditions and unsanitary nature of the vessels, the opportunity perceived in the growing colonies of North America beckoned. Many of the settlers who survived the journey went on to make important contributions to the transplanted cultures of their adopted countries. The Clarke were among these contributors, for they have been located in early North American records:

Clarke Settlers in United States in the 17th Century

John Clarke, who arrived in Jamestown, Va in 1608 aboard the ship "Second Supply" 16
Richard Clarke, who arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 aboard the "Mayflower" 16
Thomas Clarke, who arrived in Virginia in 1622 16
Thomas Clarke, who landed in Virginia in 1623 16
Brigett Clarke, who arrived in Virginia in 1623 16
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in United States in the 18th Century

Christopher Clarke, who arrived in Virginia in 1710 16
Robert Clarke, who landed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1712 16
Frances Clarke, who arrived in Virginia in 1713 16
Sarah Clarke, who landed in Virginia in 1714 16
Darby Clarke, who landed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1746 16
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in United States in the 19th Century

Francis Clarke, who arrived in Frederick County, Maryland in 1803 16
Patrick Clarke, who landed in America in 1805 16
Thomas Clarke, aged 27, who arrived in New York in 1812 16
Pierson Clarke, aged 36, who arrived in Alexandria, Va in 1817 16
Mathew Clarke, who arrived in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1818 16
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in United States in the 20th Century

Mr. Thomas Clarke, (b. 1838), aged 65, Cornish miner travelling aboard the ship "Philadelphia" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 19th September 1903 en route to Pennsylvania, USA 17
Mr. Thomas Clarke, (b. 1882), aged 21, Cornish labourer travelling aboard the ship "Campania" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 10th October 1903 en route to Lake Linden, Michigan, USA 17
Mrs. Hilda Clarke, (b. 1881), aged 24, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Teutonic" arriving at Ellis Island, New York on 2nd March 1905 en route to Philadelphia, USA 17
John A Clarke, who landed in Arkansas in 1906 16

Clarke migration to Canada +

Some of the first settlers of this family name were:

Clarke Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century

Alexander Clarke, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
Dennis Clarke, who landed in Nova Scotia in 1749
John Clarke, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749
Thomas Clarke, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
Moses Clarke, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1749-1752
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century

Patrick Clarke, who arrived in Nova Scotia in 1812
Barnet Clarke, who landed in Canada in 1829
hums Clarke, who arrived in Canada in 1829
William Clarke, aged 28, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Mary Ann" from Belfast, Ireland
John Clarke, aged 30, a labourer, who arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1833 aboard the ship "Mary Ann" from Belfast, Ireland
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century

Miss M A Clarke, who landed in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1907

Clarke migration to Australia +

Emigration to Australia followed the First Fleets of convicts, tradespeople and early settlers. Early immigrants include:

Clarke Settlers in Australia in the 18th Century

Mr. Jeremiah Clarke, English convict who was convicted in Middlesex, England for life, transported aboard the "Barwell" in September 1797, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 18

Clarke Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century

Miss. Elizabeth Clarke, Irish convict who was convicted in Tipperary, Ireland for life, transported aboard the "Atlas" on 29th November 1801, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 19
Mr. John Clarke, (Clark), (b. 1766), aged 37, British convict who was convicted in Derby, England for life for stealing, transported aboard the "Calcutta" in February 1803, arriving in New South Wales, Australia, the settlement was listed as abandoned and most of the convicts transported to Tasmania on the "Queen" in 1804 20
Miss Mary Clarke, Irish convict who was convicted in Ireland for 7 years, transported aboard the "Experiment" on 21st January 1809, arriving in New South Wales, Australia 21
Matthew Clarke, English convict from Southampton, who was transported aboard the "Ann" on August 1809, settling in New South Wales, Australia 22
William Clarke, English convict from Middlesex, who was transported aboard the "Ann" on August 1809, settling in New South Wales, Australia 22
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in Australia in the 20th Century

Miss May Ann Clarke, (b. 1869), aged 39, Cornish settler travelling aboard the ship "Ortona" arriving in Queensland, Australia on 27th March 1908 23

Clarke migration to New Zealand +

Emigration to New Zealand followed in the footsteps of the European explorers, such as Captain Cook (1769-70): first came sealers, whalers, missionaries, and traders. By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Early immigrants include:

Clarke Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century

George Clarke, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1836
B Edward Clarke, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1840
George Clarke, who landed in Auckland, New Zealand in 1840
J Henry Clarke, who landed in Bay of Islands, New Zealand in 1840
Emma Clarke, aged 23, a servant, who arrived in Wellington, New Zealand aboard the ship "Duke of Roxburgh" in 1840 24
... (More are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Clarke Settlers in New Zealand in the 20th Century

Frederick Clarke, aged 33, who arrived in Auckland, New Zealand aboard the ship "S. S. Waimana" in 1926

Clarke migration to West Indies +

The British first settled the British West Indies around 1604. They made many attempts but failed in some to establish settlements on the Islands including Saint Lucia and Grenada. By 1627 they had managed to establish settlements on St. Kitts (St. Christopher) and Barbados, but by 1641 the Spanish had moved in and destroyed some of these including those at Providence Island. The British continued to expand the settlements including setting the First Federation in the British West Indies by 1674; some of the islands include Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Island, Turks and Caicos, Jamaica and Belize then known as British Honduras. By the 1960's many of the islands became independent after the West Indies Federation which existed from 1958 to 1962 failed due to internal political conflicts. After this a number of Eastern Caribbean islands formed a free association. 25

Clarke Settlers in West Indies in the 17th Century

William Clarke, aged 20, who landed in St Christopher in 1633 16
Robert Clarke, aged 18, who landed in Barbados in 1635 16
William Clarke, aged 19, who landed in Barbados in 1635 16
George Clarke, who settled in Barbados in 1680 with his wife and servants
Josias Clarke, who arrived in Jamaica in 1689 16

Clarke Settlers in West Indies in the 18th Century

Mr. John Clarke, aged 31, emigrating from Antony, Cornwall to Jamaica, West Indies, to become an indebted servant to Neale Mackneale, a mariner originally from London, England on 14th December 1734 26

Contemporary Notables of the name Clarke (post 1700) +

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (1917-2008), British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, most famous for his novel 2001: "A Space Odyssey" 27
Mary Pat Clarke (1941-2024), American politician in Baltimore
Terrence Clarke (2001-2021), American college basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); he died in a car crash at age 19
Edmund Melson Clarke Jr. (1945-2020), American computer scientist and academic noted for developing model checking, he died from COVID-19
Horace Meredith Clarke (1939-2020), American Major League Baseball second baseman who played from 1965 to 1974
Lydia Marie Clarke (1923-2018), American actress and photographer, and the wife of Academy Award-winning actor Charlton Heston
Brigadier-General Carter Weldon Clarke (1896-1987), American Director Army Security Agency (1949-1950) 28
General Bruce Cooper Clarke (1901-1988), American Commander in Chief US Army Europe (1960-1962) 29
Martha Clarke (b. 1944), American dancer and choreographer
Frank Wigglesworth Clarke (1847-1931), American chemist sometimes known as the "Father of Geochemistry," credited with having determined composition of the Earth's crust
... (Another 216 notables are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

Historic Events for the Clarke family +

Empress of Ireland

Mr. John Joseph Clarke, British Trimmer from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 30
Mr. William Clarke, English Fireman from Liverpool, England, United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 30
Mr. J. Clarke, British Seaman from United Kingdom who worked aboard the Empress of Ireland (1914) and survived the sinking 30
Miss Nellie Clarke (1905-1914), Canadian Second Class Passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 31
Mrs. Lavinia Clarke (1880-1914), Canadian Second Class Passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada who was traveling aboard the Empress of Ireland and died in the sinking 31

Halifax Explosion

Mrs. Edna Clarke, Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 32
Mr. John Clarke (1877-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who survived the Halifax Explosion (1917) but later died due to injuries 32
Miss Sadie Clarke (1915-1917), Canadian resident from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada who died in the Halifax Explosion (1917) 32

Hillcrest Coal Mine

Mr. Leonard Clarke (1880-1914), English Miner from Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom who worked in the Hillcrest Coal Mine, Alberta, Canada and died in the mine collapse 33
Mr. John Charles Clarke (1882-1914), Welsh Miner from Wales, United Kingdom who worked in the Hillcrest Coal Mine, Alberta, Canada and died in the mine collapse 33

HMAS Sydney II

Mr. Arthur John Clarke (1907-1941), Australian Leading Aircraftsman from Edithvale, Victoria, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 34
Mr. Harry Clarke (1918-1941), Australian Acting Leading Stoker from Maddington, Western Australia, Australia, who sailed into battle aboard HMAS Sydney II and died in the sinking 34

HMS Hood

Mr. Stanley W Clarke (b. 1921), English Wireman serving for the Royal Navy from Leicester, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 35
Mr. Leslie H Clarke (b. 1913), English Electrical Artificer 4th Class serving for the Royal Navy from Ilminster, London, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 35
Mr. David W Clarke (b. 1916), English Ordinary Seaman serving for the Royal Navy from Islington, London, England, who sailed into battle and died in the HMS Hood sinking 35

HMS Prince of Wales

Mr. Francis Clarke (b. 1921), English Able Bodied Seaman from England, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 36
Mr. Clifford Clarke, British Stoker 2nd Class, who sailed into battle on the HMS Prince of Wales (1941) and survived the sinking 36

HMS Repulse

Mr. William Clarke, British Able Bodied Seaman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 37
Mr. Stanley J Clarke, British Leading Signalman, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and survived the sinking 37
Mr. James Clarke (b. 1922), Irish Marine from Larne, County Antrim, Ireland, who sailed into battle on the HMS Repulse (1941) and died in the sinking 37

HMS Royal Oak

Robert Edwin Clarke (1901-1939), British Petty Officer Stoker with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 38
Francis Henry Clarke (1918-1939), British Stoker 1st Class with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he died in the sinking 38
Ellis Clarke, British Able Seaman with the Royal Navy aboard the HMS Royal Oak (1939) when she was torpedoed by U-47 and sunk; he survived the sinking 38

North Sea Flood

George Herbert Clarke, British traveler aboard the ferry "Princess Victoria" killed in the North Sea Flood, a major storm surge in 1953

Pemberton Mill

Miss Katy Clarke, (Catherine), factory worker in the Pemberton Mill on 10th January 1860 when the mill collapsed trapping 900 workers as rescue attempts continued into the night, an oil lantern was knocked over further engulfing the trapped workers in fire, she died

RMS Lusitania

Mrs. Nore Clarke, Canadian 2nd Class passenger from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and died in the sinking 39
Mr. James Clarke, English Second Waiter from England, who worked aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking 40
Reverend Charles Cowley Clarke, English 1st Class Passenger originating in Clifton, England going to Liverpool, England, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and survived the sinking by escaping in life boat 11 40
Mr. Alfred Russell Clarke, English 1st Class Passenger residing in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who sailed aboard the RMS Lusitania (1915) and Survived the sinking by escaping in a collapsible but later died 40

RMS Titanic

Mr. Charles Valentine Clarke (d. 1912), aged 29, English Second Class passenger from Netley Abbey, Hampshire who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking 41
Mrs. Ada Maria Clarke, aged 28, English Second Class passenger from Netley Abbey, Hampshire who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and survived the sinking escaping on life boat 14 41
Mr. John Frederick Preston Clarke (d. 1912), aged 30, English Second Class passenger from Liverpool, Merseyside who sailed aboard the RMS Titanic and died in the sinking and was recovered by CS Mackay-Bennett 41

Senghenydd colliery

Mr. Francis Simon Clarke (b. 1869), Welsh coal miner from Senghenydd, Caerphilly, Wales who was working at the Senghenydd colliery when there was an explosion on the 14th October 1913; he died 42

SS Atlantic

Mary Clarke, Irish traveler aboard the ship "SS Atlantic" when it struck rocks off Nova Scotia in 1873, died in the sinking

SS Caribou

Mr. Robert Clarke, (Bob), British passenger who was Royal Navy able bodied seaman was travelling aboard the railway ferry "SS Caribou" when it was struck by a German submarine torpedo on 14th October 1942, the most significant sinking in Canadian waters at that time, he survived the sinking

SS Southern Cross

Mr. William Clarke (b. 1914), Newfoundlander from Spaniard's Bay who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
Mr. Walter Clarke (1892-1914), Newfoundlander from St. John's who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
Mr. Robert Clarke (1888-1914), Newfoundlander from Tilton who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
Mr. John William Clarke (1884-1914), Newfoundlander from Paradise who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
Mr. John Clarke (1891-1914), Newfoundlander from Brigus who was aboard the "SS Southern Cross" when it is suspected she sank between the 31st March 1914 and early April during the storm with a heavy load of pelts; no survivors were ever found
... (Another 4 entries are available in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.)

USS Arizona

Mr. Robert Eugene Clarke, American Seaman First Class from Kansas, USA working aboard the ship "USS Arizona" when she sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7th December 1941, he died in the sinking 43

The Clarke Motto +

The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.

Motto: Carpe Diem
Motto Translation: Seize the day

Citations +

Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
Smith, Eldson Coles, New Dictionary of American Family Names New York: Harper & Row, 1956. Print
Moore, A.W., Manx Names. London: Elliot Stock, 62 Paternoster Row, 1906. Print
Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
Williams, Dr Ann. And G.H. Martin, Eds., Domesday Book A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 1992. Print. (ISBN 0-141-00523-8)
Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
"What are the 5,000 Most Common Last Names in the U.S.?". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/last-names/
"Surnames Meanings, Origins & Distribution Maps - Forebears." Forebears, https://forebears.io/surnames
"The first 1,000 family names by rank, Quebec (in French only)" Institut de la statistique du Quebec, https://statistique.quebec.ca/en/document/family-names-in-quebec/tableau/the-first-1000-family-names-by-rank-quebec
The order of Common Surnames in 1955 in Newfoundland retrieved on 20th October 2021 (retrieved from Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland by E.R. Seary corrected edition ISBN 0-7735-1782-0)
"Most Common Last Names in Australia." Forebears, https://forebears.io/australia/surnames
"Most Common Last Names in New Zealand." Forebears, https://forebears.io/new-zealand/surnames
"UK surname ranking." UK Surname map, https://www.surnamemap.eu/unitedkingdom/surnames_ranking.php?p=10
"Most Common Last Names in South Africa." Forebears, https://forebears.io/south-africa/surnames
Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8)
Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_ellis_island_1892_on.pdf
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 29th September 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/barwell
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 14th July 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/atlas
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 25th November 2020). Retrieved from https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/calcutta
Convict Records Voyages to Australia (Retrieved 2nd June 2022). https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/experiment
State Library of Queensland. (Retrieved 2016, October 27) Ann voyage to New South Wales, Australia in 1809 with 200 passengers. Retrieved from http://www.convictrecords.com.au/ships/ann/1809
Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retreived 3rd May 2018). Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_australia_queensland.pdf
New Zealand Yesteryears Passenger Lists 1800 to 1900 (Retrieved 5th November 2010). Retrieved from http://www.yesteryears.co.nz/shipping/passlist.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_West_Indies
Cornwall Online Parish Clerks. (Retrieved 2018, April 30). Emigrants to USA 1718 - 1759, Indentured servitude [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.opc-cornwall.org/Resc/pdfs/emigration_america_1718_59_indentured_servitude.pdf
Arthur Clarke. (Retrieved 2010, September 27) Arthur Clarke. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke
Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, November 23) Carter Clarke. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Clarke/Carter_Weldon/USA.html
Generals of World War II. (Retrieved 2011, November 3) Bruce Clarke. Retrieved from http://generals.dk/general/Clarke/Bruce_Cooper/USA.html
Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 17) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
Commemoration Empress of Ireland 2014. (Retrieved 2014, June 16) . Retrieved from http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/listepsc1.html
Halifax Explosion Book of Remembrance | Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. (Retrieved 2014, June 23) . Retrieved from https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion/halifax-explosion-book-remembrance
List Of Miners - Hillcrest Mine Disaster Data. (Retrieved 2014, June 24) . Retrieved from http://www.hillcrestminedisaster.com/data/index.php?title=List_Of_Miners
HMAS Sydney II, Finding Sydney Foundation - Roll of Honour. (Retrieved 2014, April 24) . Retrieved from http://www.findingsydney.com/roll.asp
H.M.S. Hood Association-Battle Cruiser Hood: Crew Information - H.M.S. Hood Rolls of Honour, Men Lost in the Sinking of H.M.S. Hood, 24th May 1941. (Retrieved 2016, July 15) . Retrieved from http://www.hmshood.com/crew/memorial/roh_24may41.htm
HMS Prince of Wales Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listprincecrew.html
HMS Repulse Crew members. (Retrieved 2014, April 9) . Retrieved from http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/biographies/listrepulsecrew.html
Ships hit by U-boats crew list HMS Royal Oak (08) - (Retrieved 2018 February, 9th) - retrieved from https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship68.html
Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 7) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
Lusitania Passenger List - The Lusitania Resource. (Retrieved 2014, March 6) . Retrieved from http://www.rmslusitania.info/lusitania-passenger-list/
Titanic Passenger List - Titanic Facts. (Retrieved 2016, July 13) . Retrieved from http://www.titanicfacts.net/titanic-passenger-list.html
Universal Colliery Senghenydd 1913 disaster retrieved 21st September 2019, retrieved from http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/SenghenyddDead1913.htm
Pearl Harbour: USS Arizona Casualties List Pearl Harbour December 7, 1941. (Retrieved 2018, July 31st). Retrieved from http://pearl-harbor.com/arizona/casualtylist.html